Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author, year Location, setting Study design/ Born period Drug exposure measurement Type of neuraminidase inhibitors Outcome assessment Outcomes Number of participants Quality
Svensson et al, 2011 Sweden, population-based Cohort, 2005-2007 Swedish Prescribed Drug Register Oseltamivir or zanamivir Swedish Medical Birth Register (ICD-10) Congenital malformations, low Apgar score, SGA, low birth weight, preterm birth 86 (exposed) 860 (no-exposed) 8
Xie et al, 2013 Canada, population-based Cohort, 2009-2010 Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario Oseltamivir Computer record SGA, preterm birth, low Apgar score 1237 (exposed) 5,4118 (no-exposed) 9
Greer et al, 2010 USA, hospital-based Cohort, 2003-2008 Medical records Oseltamivir ICD-8 or ICD-10 Congenital malformations, stillbirth, low birth weight 135 (exposed) 82,097 (no-exposed) 6
Graner et al, 2017 Denmark, Norway, Sweden and France, population-based Cohort, 2008-2010 The prescribed drug registers Oseltamivir or zanamivir ICD-10 Congenital malformations, low Apgar score, SGA, low birth weight, preterm birth Scandinavian database 5,502 (exposed) 672,784 (no-exposed) eFeMeris database 3,22 (exposed) 19,448 (no-exposed) 9
Ehrenstein et al, 2018 Denmark, population-based Cohort, 2002-2013 The Danish National Prescription Registry Oseltamivir Danish National Patient Registry Congenital malformations, SGA, preterm birth 1,898 (exposed) 944,278 (no-exposed) 9
Chambers et al, 2019 United States and Canada, population-based Cohort, 1997-2013 Telephone interviews Oseltamivir Medical records, Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program coding system Congenital malformations, preterm birth, SGA 112 (exposed) 604 (no-exposed) 6
Dunstan et al, 2014 UK, population-based Cohort, 2009-2010 UK Teratology Information Service Oseltamivir or zanamivir UK Teratology Information Service, EUROCAT classification system Congenital malformations, low birth weight, preterm birth, 207 (exposed) 575 (no-exposed) 7
Beau et al, 2014 France, population-based Cohort, 2004-2010 French prescription database Oseltamivir UK Teratology Information Service, EUROCAT classification system Congenital malformations, low birth weight, preterm birth, 337 (exposed) 674 (no-exposed) 8
Abraham et al, 2021 India, hospital-based Cohort, 2015-2017 Medical records Oseltamivir Medical records SGA, preterm birth, low Apgar score 174 (exposed) 302 (no-exposed) 8
ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age. ICD, international Classification of diseases; SGA, small gestational age.