Subjects
The subjects included 18 patients (11 boys and seven girls) with RAI,
single ventricle, and extracardiac TAPVC who underwent a TAPVC repair
using the sutureless technique (12 patients) or conventional repair (six
patients) at Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center in Yokohama, Japan, from
April 2014 to December 2020. While the diagnostic criteria for right and
left atrial isomerism remain controversial (4), the diagnosis of RAI in
the present study was based on the intraoperative inspection of the
morphology of the atrial appendages. This was a single-center
retrospective study using medical records. This study was approved by
our ethics committee including outside experts (18.09.2020; the number
of IRB, 2005-17). The consent was waived because of the retrospective
nature of the study.