Conclusion
In our meta-analysis an association between OSA and DD was detected that appears independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Investigation of OSA in HFpEF patients and conversely echocardiographic testing in OSA patients to screen for HFpEF is recommended. On the other hand, early application of OSA treatments might lead to more favorable outcomes in this therapeutically challenging clinical setting. Large prospective studies are warranted to demonstrate whether this approach confers more optimal long-term clinical outcomes.