Fig. 1 Species-level plant-soil feedback (PSF) for nine grassland species, Jena, Germany. Values represent the mean and variation in PSF observed across the eight other soil types in the experiment. Positive values indicate the proportion to which a plant grows better on ‘home’ than ‘away’ soils. Negative values indicate the proportion to which a plant grows better on ‘away’ than ‘home’ soils. Solid and dotted lines are from fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals from bootstrapped values. Red, black and blue values represent negative, neutral and positive PSFs, respectively. Species abbreviations on the x-axis: five grass species: Alopecurus pratensis (Alo pra), Arrhenatherum elatius (Arr ela), Dactylis glomerata (Dac glo), Phleum pratense (Phl pra), Poa trivialis (Poa tri); two tall herbs: Anthriscus sylvestris (Ant syl), Geranium pratense(Ger pra); and two legumes: Trifolium pratense (Tri pra), Trifolium repens (Tri rep).