Sampling area Sampling area Sampling area Sampling area Sampling area Sampling area Sampling area Sampling area
Bahra
Sabah Al-Ahmad Protected Area
Burgan Oilfield
Um Al-Aish Oilfield
Um Al-Rros Military Base
Sabriya Oilfield
Um-Ghadair Oilfield
(a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables (a) Vegetation variables p
Vegetation height (cm) 8.4b ± 1.9 11.9b ± 2.4 13.5ab ±1.9 20.0a ± 2.6 1.3c± 0.3 17.6ab ± 1.9 9.8b ± 0.9 <0.001***
Plant diversity (SQ) 1.8bc ± 0.2 2.4ab ± 0.2 1.7bc ± 0.2 3.1a ± 0.3 1.1c ± 0.1 2.4ab ± 0.2 1.4c ± 0.1 <0.001***
Haloxylon salicornicum (%F) 12.9 ± 2.8 3.3 ± 1.9 0 35.9 ± 5.0 0 8.8 ± 3.9 0 <0.001***
Cyperus conglomeratus (%F) 0.8 ± 0.6 0.1 ± 0.1 7.6 ± 1.6 0 0 10.8 ± 2.0 18.5 ± 3.3 <0.001***
Rhanterium epapposum (%F) 0 1.5 ± 0.9 0 0.1 ± 0.1 0 19.0 ± 4.5 6.8 ± 2.8 <0.001***