Idiopathic
Sarcoidosis of the spine is rare and can involve the cord, meninges, and
bone. Clinically, neck or back pain with various neurological problems
is observed. Cervical involvement is more common than thoracic or lumbar
involvement.69Torticollis is involuntary
contraction of neck muscles (dystonia), usually the sternocleidomastoid.
It is mostly idiopathic, but it can be secondary to trauma, muscle
inflammation, infection, antipsychotic drugs, or a tumor. Hereditary
cases have also been described. It can be a sign of atlanto-axial
rotatory subluxation in children. It needs to be differentiated from
congenital torticollis due to obstetric trauma to the
sternocleidomastoid.70