Congenital/developmental
Congenital malformations, such as hemivertebra, and block vertebra, can
cause deformation of the spine with or without pain.60If pain is present, it is usually mechanical pain due to degenerative
changes in adjacent segments. Syrinx is caused by partial obstruction of
the CSF flow from various causes, and it is usually painless.
Neurologically, it presents as a kind of central cord syndrome, with
upper extremity weakness and diminished pain and temperature sensation
in a ”mantle-like” shape, is observed and develops gradually in years.
Vibration and proprioception sensations remain relatively
intact.61 Chiari malformations can cause headaches and
neck pain with various neurological problems (myelopathy, cerebellar
symptoms, and central cord syndrome) due to pressure on the brain stem
and cervical cord and development of a syrinx.61Bertolotti syndrome (lumbosacral transitional vertebra) is a congenital
pseudoarthrosis of a transverse process of L5 with the ileum or the
sacrum.62 Mechanical low back pain is typical in young
adults.