FIGURE LEGENDS
FIGURE 1 Inhibition of allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’
and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related cultivars on weed number
and biomass (all species pooled) in a paddy field. Closely related
cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars,
‘Huafeng’ and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing (japonica).
Values were calculated as percentages relative to controls (plots
without rice). Columns with different letters indicate significant
differences within each cultivar at P < 0.05 according
to ANOVA, followed by Turkey HSD tests.
FIGURE 2 Inhibition of allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’
and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related cultivars on four paddy
weeds and their barnyardgrass-based mixtures. Closely related cultivars,
‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars, ‘Huafeng’
and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing (japonica). Values were
calculated as percentages relative to controls (weeds only). Columns
with different letters indicate significant differences within the same
weeds and their mixtures at P < 0.05 according to
ANOVA, followed by Turkey HSD tests.
FIGURE 3 Root intrusion of allelopathic rice cultivars
‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related cultivars in
the present of paddy weeds. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and
‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars, ‘Huafeng’and’Lingyou-3826’
(both indica) and Liaojing (japonica). Control, allelopathic rice
cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ monocultures in the absence of
paddy weeds. Vn/Va values indicate root placement patterns of
unresponsive (Vn/Va=1), intrusive (Vn/Va > 1), or avoidance
(Vn/Va <1).
FIGURE 4 Root avoidance of paddy weeds in response to
allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with
different related cultivars. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and
‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars, ‘Huafeng’ and
‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing (japonica). Control, paddy
weeds monocultures without any rice cultivars. Vn/Va values indicate
root placement patterns of unresponsive (Vn/Va=1), intrusive (Vn/Va
> 1), or avoidance (Vn/Va <1).
FIGURE 5 Production of allelochemicals (tricin and momilactone
B) from allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed
with different related cultivars in presence of barnyardgrass and
barnyardgrass-based weed mixtures. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’
and ‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars ‘Huafeng’ and
‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing (japonica). Values were
calculated as percent increase above controls (no weeds). Columns with
different letters indicate significant differences within barnyardgrass
or its mixtures with other weeds at P < 0.05 according
to ANOVA, followed by Turkey HSD tests.
FIGURE 6 Plots of principal components analysis of PLFA
composition in the soils grown by focal rice cultivar ‘Huagan-3’,
‘Lingyou-6173’ or barnyardgrass monocultures and their mixed-cultures.
Data used in PCA plots were transformed using sample unit totals to
represent the relative abundance of each PLFA (mole percentage of total
PLFA).
FIGURE 7 Inhibition of barnyardgrass by allelopathic rice
cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related
cultivars under applied NH4NO3 and
allantoin. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’.
Distantly related cultivars, ‘Huafeng’ and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica)
and Liaojing (japonica). Values were calculated as % reduction relative
to controls (no rice). Columns with different letters indicate
significant differences at P < 0.05 among different
related cultivar in the same nitrogen treatment according to ANOVA,
followed by Turkey HSD tests.
FIGURE 8 Root/shoot carbon and nitrogen ratios of barnyardgrass
in the presence of allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and
‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related cultivars under applied
NH4NO3 and allantoin. Closely related
cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars,
‘Huafeng’ and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing (japonica).
Control, barnyardgrass monocultures.
Supplementary Figure 1 Pot experiments for the performance of
weeds by allelopathic rice cultivars mixed with different related
cultivars at seedling stage. Control refers weed monocultures. Only
barnyardgrass is shown here.
Supplementary Figure 2 Rhizobox experiments for the root
placement pattern of weeds in the presence of allelopathic rice
cultivars mixed with different related cultivars at seedling stage. Top
panel illustrates the planting design in an individual rhizobox. Control
refers to weed monoculture. Only barnyardgrass is shown here.
Supplementary Figure 3 Distribution of root length and biomass
of allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with
different related cultivars in the presence of paddy weeds. Closely
related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related
cultivars, ‘Huafeng’ and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing
(japonica). Columns with different letters indicate significant
differences within each weed at P < 0.05 according to
ANOVA, followed by Turkey HSD tests.
Supplementary Figure 4 Distribution of root length and biomass
of paddy weeds in response to allelopathic rice cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and
‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related cultivars. Closely related
cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars,
‘Huafeng’and’Lingyou-3826’ (both indica) and Liaojing (japonica).
Columns with different letters indicate significant differences within
each weed at P < 0.05 according to ANOVA, followed by
Turkey HSD tests.
Supplementary Figure 5 Inhibition of allelopathic rice
cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related
cultivars on barnyardgrass and barnyardgrass-based weed mixtures at rice
mature stage. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’.
Distantly related cultivars ‘Huafeng’ and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica)
and Liaojing (japonica). Values were calculated as percentages relative
to controls (weeds only). Columns with different letters indicate
significant differences within barnyardgras or its mixtures with other
weeds at P < 0.05 according to ANOVA, followed by
Turkey HSD tests.
Supplementary Figure 6 Grain biomass of allelopathic rice
cultivars ‘Huagan-3’ and ‘Lingyou-6173’ mixed with different related
cultivars in presence of barnyardgrass and barnyardgrass-based weed
mixtures. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and ‘Lingyou-6365’.
Distantly related cultivars ‘Huafeng’ and ‘Lingyou-3826’ (both indica)
and Liaojing (japonica). Columns with different letters indicate
significant differences within barnyardgras or its mixtures with other
weeds at P < 0.05 according to ANOVA, followed by
Turkey HSD tests.
Supplementary Figure 7 Relative abundance of bacterial, fungal,
actinobacterial PLFAs in the soils grown by focal rice cultivar
‘Huagan-3’, ‘Lingyou-6173’ or barnyardgrass monocultures and their
mixed-cultures. Closely related cultivars, ‘Huagan-8’ and
‘Lingyou-6365’. Distantly related cultivars, ‘Huafeng’, ‘Lingyou-3826’
(both indica) and Liaojing (japonica). Columns with different letters
indicate significant differences within the same PLFA at P< 0.05 according to ANOVA, followed by Turkey HSD tests.