Soil Quality Indicators Site treatment Site treatment Site treatment Soil Coverage Condition Soil Coverage Condition Soil Coverage Condition
Open-grazing Controlled grazing P-value Under canopy Clearings P-value
Bulk density (g/cm3) 0.93 ± 0.15 0.92 ± 0.12 0.86 0.88 ± 0.14 a 0.97 ± 0.13 b 0.02
Ksat (cm/s) 0.004 ± 0.002 a 0.003 ± 0.002 b 0.03 0.0043 ± 0.0025 a 0.0041 ± 0.014 b 0.03
Infiltration (cm/s) 0.0032 ± 0.005 a 0.0014 ± 0.001 b 0.02 0.002 ± 0.005 a 0.003 ± 0.003 b 0.01
WHC (%) 12.26 ± 6.2 12.65 ± 6.1 0.89 12.87 ± 5.7 12.03 ± 6.6 0.46
Aggregate Stability (%) 54.92 ± 16.4 55.72 ± 12.76 0.81 61.57 ± 12.5 a 48.28 ±14.0 b <.001
Porosity (%) 57.1 ± 10.9 52.25 ± 12.44 0.11 55.68 ± 14.8 53.65 ± 8.2 0.5
Total carbon (%) 4.36 ± 1.17 4.71 ± 1.31 0.23 4.95 ± 1.1 a 4.09 ± 1.3 b 0.005
Kjeldahl (mg/kg) 2.42 ± 0.48 a 2.76 ± 0.67 b 0.01 2.74 ± 0.6 a 2.42 ± 0.58 b 0.03
Ammonium (mg/kg) 9.57 ± 5.76 a 1.28 ± 1.01 b <.001 6.26 ± 5.56 a 4.46 ± 4.84 b 0.05
Nitrate (mg/kg) 4.06 ± 3.12 5.32 ± 4.04 0.103 4.15 ± 4.04 5.26 ± 3.1 0.11
Total Phosphorus (mg/kg) 360.55 ± 55.94 a 519.46 ± 124.17 b <.001 453.81 ± 125.26 424.96 ± 124.96 0.19
Inorganic Phosphorus (mg/kg) 200.52 ± 44.69 a 338.67 ± 90.9 b <.001 268.76 ± 93.6 270.41 ± 106.23 0.92
Organic Phosphorus (mg/kg) 160.03 ± 39.23 180.79 ± 68.92 0.11 185.05 ± 64.07 a 154.54 ± 44.18 b 0.03
Olsen Phosphorus (mg/kg) 4.8 ± 5.06a 0.38 ± 0.61b <.001 2.86 ± 4.67 2.39 ± 3.72 0.5
pH 5.42 ± 0.31 a 6.10 ± 0.31 b <.001 5.91 ± 0.51 a 5.61 ± 0.36 b <.001
POXC/C 0.13 ± 0.03 0.13 ± 0.04 0.43 0.14 ± 0.03 a 0.12 ± 0.04 b 0.05
Mineralizable Nitrogen (mg/kg) 14.71 ± 5.23 15.62 ± 5.9 0.47 17.24 ± 4.55 a 13.08 ± 5.67 b 0.002
Total Nitrogen (%) 0.24 ± 0.06 0.27 ± 0.12 0.43 0.25 ± 0.06 0.25 ± 0.12 0.14
CEC (cmolc/kg) 1.4 ± 1.47 a 3.99 ± 2.75 b <.001 3.96 ± 2.78 a 1.25 ± 1.08 b <.001
K Rusle Factor 0.06 ± 0.02 0.08 ± 0.05 0.09 0.09 ± 0.04 a 0.05 ± 0.03 b 0.02