Fig. 2
Results of the analysis of bioclimatic variables grouping accessions into distinct clusters. (a) Results of Principal Coordinate Analysis for the first two principal components for all analysed accessions and 19 WorldClim variables related to temperature and precipitation. Ecological groups are indicated by coloured circles. Dark-blue: alpine species (C. excelsa /tatrae ), Yellow: inland species (C. pyrenaica /polonica /groenlandica ), Light-blue: coastal species (C. anglica /aestuaria ), Red: C. danica , Green: mediterranean species (Ionopsidium ). (b) Respective biplot showing the respective loading vectors. Out of the 19 WorldClim bioclimatic variables 11 are related to temperature (orange), and 8 are related to precipitation (blue) as named as follows:
temperature-related: BIO1 annual mean temperature, BIO2 mean diurnal range, BIO3 isothermality, BIO4 temperature seasonality, BIO5 max. Temperature of warmest month, BIO6 min Temperature of Coldest Month, BIO7 Temperature Annual Range, BIO8 Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, BIO9 Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, BIO10 Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter, BIO11 Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter.
Precipitation: BIO12 Annual Precipitation, BIO13 Precipitation of Wettest Month, BIO14 Precipitation of Driest Month, BIO15 Precipitation Seasonality, BIO16 Precipitation of Wettest Quarter, BIO17 Precipitation of Driest Quarter, BIO18 Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, and BIO19 Precipitation of Coldest Quarter