1 | INTRODUCTION

Snoring is the most important and common manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which causes hypoxemia and hypercapnia from partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep1. Habitual snoring (HS), a prominent symptom of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), is usually defined as the presence of loud snoring at least three nights per week2,3. Globally, HS is relatively common and has been reported in 2.4–45.6% of children2-4.
Recent research suggests that HS, even in the absence of OSA, is associated with cognitive, behavioral, and various psychosocial problems5,6. The clinical importance of HS as a potential marker of morbidity for OSA is increasingly recognized. Therefore, it is especially important to identify the multidimensional risk factors for HS among children, including age, obesity, exposure to respiratory infections, exposure to cigarette smoke, allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, family history of snoring, prematurity, breastfeeding, living environment, and socioeconomic status. As such, using a large, population-based sample, we aimed to identify predisposing factors for HS, among the currently identified potential risk factors, in children of Chengdu.