Parameters M non-M p-value VM non-VM p-value
-group -group -group -group
(N=55) (N=843) (N=9) (N=889)
Age, median (interquartile range) 30 31 0.3 32 31 0.48
(28.0-34.0) (28.0-34.0) (28.5-35.0) (28.0-34.0)
BMI, median (interquartile range) 21.19 20.34 0.59 20.43 20.32 0.17
(18.6-23.4) (19.0-22.4) (19.8-22.8) (18.9-22.4)
Multipara 37 (67.3) 408 (48.4) 0.0078 9(100) 436(49.0) 0.0017
Parity>=2, 15(27.3) 119(14.1) 0.017 6(66.7) 128(14.4) 0.0006
Health provider, 16 (29.1) 116(13.8) 0.0048 0(0.0) 132(14.8) 0.37
History of SA, 14 (25.5) 244(28.9) 0.65 3(33.3) 255(28.7) 0.73
History of ART, 4 (7.3) 63 (7.5) 0.79 0(0.0) 67(7.54) 1
Preterm labor at enrollment, 4 (7.3) 56 (6.6) 0.78 0(0.0) 60(6.75) 1
Use of antibiotics during pregnancy 5 (9.1) 32 (3.8) 0.069 1(11.1) 36(4.05) 0.32
twin pregnancy 1(1.8) 6(0.72) 0(0.0) 7(0.79)
GDM 2 (3.6) 38 (4.5) 1 0(0.0) 40(4.50) 1
HDP 5(9.1) 62(7.4) 0.59 0(0.0) 67(7.54) 1
Regular visit 17 (30.9) 188 (22.3) 0.45 3(33.3) 202(22.7) 0.43
Alcohol 1 (1.8) 18 (2.1) 1 0(0.0) 19(2.14) 1
Smoking 1 (1.8) 37 (4.4) 0.72 0(0.0) 38(4.27) 1
History of operation 3 (5.5) 64 (7.6) 0.79 2(22.2) 65(7.31) 0.14
Hospitalization during pregnancy 1 (1.8) 14 (1.7) 0.62 0(0.0) 15(1.69) 1
GBS 10 (18.2) 104 (12.3) 0.21 1(11.1) 113(12.7) 1