Population
An open-label, multicentre, non-randomized, prospective study was
designed. The study included patients implanted with a CRT-D device with
the MPP feature under the current ESC or ACCF/AHA/HRS Class I or Class
IIa indications for CRT-D implant (including upgrades from single or
dual chamber ICD or PM). The following were the main exclusion criteria
to participate in the study: myocardial Infarction, unstable angina or
coronary revascularization within 40 days prior the enrolment, NYHA
Class IV, Cerebrovascular Accident or Transient Ischemic Attack in the 3
months prior to enrolment, life expectancy < 6 months or
consideration for transplantation over the next 12 months, Primary
valvular disease requiring surgical intervention and patients with
persistent atrial fibrillation (AF)at the time of enrolment or 30 days
prior to enrolment or permanent AF not treated with atrioventricular
node ablation within 2 weeks after the CRT-D implant, pregnancy and
finally, patients for whom suitable transthoracic echocardiographic
images for determining the cardiac output and LV volumes cannot be
obtained.
Enrolment was conducted between February 2016 and August 2018. The
institutional review board at each center approved the study protocol,
and written informed consent was obtained from each patient.