Conclusion
A random phenomenon or an algorithmic occurrence, one thing unanimously agreed upon is that outliers exist, and they are important. In healthcare, and particularly cardiac surgery, outcome analysis alone may not be enough to accurately reflect performance. A multifaceted approach from all relevant stakeholders of healthcare is required to highlight negative and positive outliers in a fair and sensitive way that promotes true improvement in performance and clinical standard.
Contributorship: MYS wrote the manuscript. OJ and TA reviewed the manuscript.