Figure 8. Inhaled BW-031 has minimal systemic distribution and is not cardiotoxic. a , Serum concentrations of BW-031 following inhalation. N=12 animals per group (1:1 male:female), 1-way ANOVA, [F(2, 33)=6.54], p=0.004, Tukey’s post-hoc, *p<0.05, **p<0.01. Bars represent mean±SEM for each condition, while the individual data points are displayed as open circles. b , Representative calcium fluorescence signals from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes treated with vehicle, 100 µM QX-314 or 100 µM BW-031.c , Quantification of the effect of QX-314 and BW-031 on cardiomyocyte calcium signals as measured by area under the curve (AUC). Micromolar doses of QX-314 or BW-031 do not affect cardiomyocyte calcium signal AUC. N=5-10 wells per treatment, 1-way ANOVA (mixed-effects model), [F(2.412, 9.647)=3.27], p=0.0763; Dunnett’s post hoc, *p<0.05. Data are mean±SEM.