Figure 5. Performance of biologically-derived O. nubilalis sex pheromone. A. Electrophysiological responses of male O. nubilalis antennae to biologically-derived pheromone blend (BioPhe), standard compounds (Z 11-14:OAc, E 11-14:OAc and 14:OAc), and mixtures of the standard compounds. Response to 100 ng of Z 11-14:OAc was defined as 100%, and all responses normalized in % relative to this reference. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P> 0.5, Tukey’s studentized range [HSD] test, F=51.650, df=5, P=0.000) B . Behavioral responses of O. nubilalis males to yeast-derived pheromone blend (BioPhe), standard compounds (Z 11-14:OAc, E 11-14:OAc, 14:OAc) and mixtures of the standard compounds. Phe 97:3 represents pheromone composition originally found in O. nubilalis Z-race and is generated from standard compounds Z 11-14:OAc,E 11-14:OAc in ratio 97:3. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P> 0.05, Tukey’s studentized range [HSD] test). Approach, F=4.579 df=3, P=0.005, Landing, F=5.899, df=3, P=0.001)