Country Location Detection Method Potential Reservoir Species References
India Bihar PCR, rk39 ICT Goat, Rat, Cow (Singh et al., 2013)
Thiruvananthapuram PCR Dog (Jambulingam et al., 2017)
Himachal Pradesh rk 39 ICT Dog (Sharma et al., 2009)
Nepal Dharan PCR Buffalo, Cow, Goat (Bhattarai et al., 2010)
Kathmandu qPCR Dog (Díaz-Regañón et al., 2020)
Bangladesh Mymensingh rk39 ICT, PCR, qPCR Dog (Alam et al., 2013, Akter et al., 2016)
Mymensingh DAT, ELISA, rk39 ICT Domestic Cattle, Goat (Alam et al., 2011, Alam et al., 2018)
Sri Lanka Matale rk39 ICT, Microscopy Dog (Nawaratna et al., 2009, Rosypal et al., 2010)
Ethiopia Alduba, Dimeka, Kafta Humera qPCR, PCR, DAT, NNN culture Rodents (Kassahun et al., 2015, Lemma et al., 2017)
Addis Zemen, Kafta Humera, Sheraro PCR, ELISA, DAT, rk 39 ICT Dog, Cow, Goat, Sheep (Kalayou et al., 2011, Rohousova et al., 2015)
Sudan Bandigueo, Urn Salala DAT, ELISA Donkey, Cow, Goat, Rat (Mukhtar et al., 2000)
Blue Nile and Gedaref State PCR, DAT Dog (Shamboul et al., 2009, Hassan et al., 2009)
Barbar El Fugara NNN culture, IFAT Dog (Dereure et al., 2003)