Abbreviations (Complete?)
CAM class activation map
CNN convolutional neural network
DOE design of experiments
EWMA exponential weighted moving average
GBR gradient boosting regressor
HMI human machine interface
LSTM long short-term memory
ML machine learning
MTP module type package
PCA principal component analysis
PEA process equipment assembly
PLC programmable logical controller
PLS partial least squares
POL process orchestration layer
SBDC spinning band distillation column
SVM support vector machine
With Machine Learning and Deep Learning it is possible to predict and reliably detect the flooding of distillation and extraction columns. The detection can be done with time series visualization as well as with heat maps (see figure).