Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Jigawa State Ministries of Environment and Agriculture, Dutse for granting permission to conduct the research work, the village and ward heads of Warwade village for providing the logistic support to do the work and of course the research assistants that assisted in the process of sample collection in the field. The management of Federal University Dutse provided most of the reagents and equipment used in data collection. We are grateful to Mr. Gabriel for helping with data analysis and M. I. Auyo for identifying the plants.