Vespidae
Vespa crabro venom is largely identical to Vespula venom: therefore, allergy to Vespa species can usually be diagnosed by determination of IgE against Vespula venom. Available tests forVespa venoms see Table 1.
FormicidaeAvailable allergen extracts are limited to only a small number of allergy-associated species
Immunotherapy (see Table 1)
Bumblebees HBV has been used for venom immunotherapy (VIT) in selected cases of BBV allergy resulting from primary sensitization to HBV.10 Successful immunotherapy with a BBV preparation from ALK Abelló (Horsholm, Denmark) has been described, although it is not available anymore.8,9,11,72
Currently, only BBV from Anallergo (Scarperia e San Piero, Italy) is available in Europe. No clinical trials with this preparation have yet been published.