REFERENCES
1. Brian Duty, M.J.C., Principles of Urologic Endoscopy,
Cystourethroscopy , in Campell-Walsh Urology , C.P. Alan Partin,
Louis Kavoussi, Roger Dmochovski, Alan Wein, Editor. 2020. p. 903-917.
2. Messing, E.M., et al., The significance of asymptomatic
microhematuria in men 50 or more years old: findings of a home screening
study using urinary dipsticks. J Urol, 1987. 137 (5): p.
919-22.
3. Thomas, J.M. and S.A. Schug, Recent advances in the
pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetics. Long-acting amide enantiomers
and continuous infusions. Clin Pharmacokinet, 1999. 36 (1): p.
67-83.
4. Eti Aslan, F. and A. Badır, Ağrı kontrol gerçeği: Hemşirelerin
ağrının doğası, değerlendirilmesi ve geçirilmesine ilişkin bilgi ve
inançları. Ağrı Dergisi, 2005. 17 (2): p. 44-51.
5. YENTÜR, E.A., Ağrılı Hastanın ve Ağrı Tedavisinin
Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi,
2007. 3 (45): p. 9-16.
6. Pliskin, M.J., et al., Cocaine and lidocaine as topical
urethral anesthetics. The Journal of urology, 1989. 141 (5): p.
1117-1119.
7. Goldfischer, E.R., et al., Randomized, prospective,
double-blind study of the effects on pain perception of lidocaine jelly
versus plain lubricant during outpatient rigid cystoscopy. J Urol,
1997. 157 (1): p. 90-4.
8. Stein, M., et al., The effects of intraurethral lidocaine
anesthetic and patient anxiety on pain perception during cystoscopy. J
Urol, 1994. 151 (6): p. 1518-21.
9. Dale, F., Postoperative pain in the elective surgical patient.Br J Nurs, 1993. 2 (17): p. 842-4, 846, 848-9.
10. Al-Hunayan, A., et al., An assessment of the clinical utility
of transperineal urethrosphincteric block (TUSB) in outpatient rigid
cystoscopy: a single-blind, randomized study. Int Urol Nephrol, 2009.41 (1): p. 47-53.
11. Birch, B.R., et al., Flexible cystoscopy in men: is topical
anaesthesia with lignocaine gel worthwhile? Br J Urol, 1994.73 (2): p. 155-9.
12. McFarlane, N., et al., Randomized trial of 10 mL and 20 mL of
2% intraurethral lidocaine gel and placebo in men undergoing flexible
cystoscopy. Journal of endourology, 2001. 15 (5): p. 541-544.
13. Chen, Y.T., et al., Randomized double-blind comparison of
lidocaine gel and plain lubricating gel in relieving pain during
flexible cystoscopy. J Endourol, 2005. 19 (2): p. 163-6.
14. Axelsson, K., et al., Blood concentration of lignocaine after
application of 2% lignocaine gel in the urethra. Br J Urol, 1983.55 (1): p. 64-8.
15. Ouellette, R.D., et al., Plasma concentrations of lidocaine
resulting from instillation of lidocaine jelly into genitourinary tract
prior to cystoscopy. Urology, 1985. 25 (5): p. 490-491.
16. Kim, J.H., et al., Pain and satisfaction during rigid
cystoscopic ureteral stent removal: a preliminary study. BMC Urol,
2014. 14 : p. 90.
17. Müntener, M., et al., Local anesthesia for transurethral
manipulations: is a transrectal periprostatic nerve block effective?World journal of urology, 2005. 23 (5): p. 349-352.
18. Komiya, A., et al., Oral analgesia by non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug zaltoprofen to manage cystoscopy-related pain: a
prospective study. Int J Urol, 2009. 16 (11): p. 874-80.
19. Karthikeyan, V.S., et al., Efficacy of preprocedural
diclofenac in men undergoing double J stent removal under local
anesthesia: A double-blind, randomized control trial. Indian J Urol,
2017. 33 (1): p. 53-57.
20. Saheb Sharif‐Askari, N., et al., Effect of Common Medications
on the Expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 Entry Receptors in Kidney Tissue.Clinical and Translational Science.
21. Jønler, M., L. Lund, and S. Bisballe, Holmium: YAG laser
vaporization of recurrent papillary tumours of the bladder under local
anaesthesia. BJU international, 2004. 94 (3): p. 322-325.
22. Shackley, D.C., et al., Photodynamic therapy for superficial
bladder cancer under local anaesthetic. BJU international, 2002.89 (7): p. 665-670.
23. Dryhurst, D. and C. Fowler, Flexible cystodiathermy can be
rendered painless by using 2% lignocaine solution to provide
intravesical anaesthesia. BJU international, 2001. 88 (4): p.
437-438.
24. Holmäng, S., F. Aldenborg, and H. Hedelin, Extirpation and
fulguration of multiple superficial bladder tumour recurrences under
intravesical lignocaine anaesthesia. British journal of urology, 1994.73 (2): p. 177.
25. Brausi, M.A., et al., The use of local anesthesia with N-DO
injector (physion) for transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder tumors
and bladder mapping: preliminary results and cost-effectiveness
analysis. European urology, 2007. 52 (5): p. 1407-1413.
26. Stravodimos, K., et al., Levobupivacaine intravesical
injection for superficial bladder tumor resection—possible, effective,
and durable. Preliminary clinical data. International urology and
nephrology, 2008. 40 (3): p. 637-641.