Figure 1. Variation in nearest phylogenetic distance (NPD) between exotic and native species across the avian phylogeny. Panels show (A), NPD of the exotic to native species from the recipient community (B), and the degree to which this NPD is larger or smaller than expected for the NPD between native species (C). This latter difference is the fraction of NPDs estimated between all pairs of native species of the community that are smaller than the NPD observed for the exotic and native species of the communities. Thus, a large value means that exotic species are less closely related to native species than are native species with each other, while a low value means the contrary.