Importance and Implications
Currently, the use of AST-120 in the management of CKD is not yet included in clinical practice guidelines due to the paucity of large-scale trials. The most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses are based on several small studies with a relatively small population size. With the recent publication of three large clinical trials, namely EPPIC-1, EPPIC-2, and K-STAR, there was a need to consolidate evidence regarding the efficacy of AST-120 in preventing progression of CKD.