1 | Introduction
Seneca Valley virus (SVV),
previously termed Senecavirus A (SVA), is the only member of theSenecavirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. A typical
SVV genome structure is L-VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D. Both the
5′ and 3′ ends are untranslated regions (UTRs) (Sangita et al.,
2008). Pigs infected with SVV
primarily present with vesicular rash on the nose and hoof beetles
(Raquel et al., 2016). In severe cases, limp and death occurred due to
acute myocarditis, heart degeneration, transient fever, and necrosis
(Vannucci et al., 2015). Although SVV could be detected in samples as
early as 1988 (Wang, Prarat, Hayes, & Zhang, 2016), it did not cause
any obvious clinical symptoms before 2008. Sporadic outbreaks of
obviously pathogenic SVV occurred between 2008 and 2014. Since 2015,
large-scale outbreaks have appeared in the United States, Canada,
Brazil, China, Italy, Thailand, and Vietnam (Liu et al., 2019; Raquel et
al., 2016; Vannucci et al., 2015; Wang, Prarat, Hayes, & Zhang, 2016).
SVV has been detected in mice, houseflies, environmental equipment,
corridors in pig farms, and was successfully isolated from mouse tissues
(Lork et al., 2016). However, there are no reports of SVV in buffalo. In
this study, one SVV strain was first isolated from a buffalo farm in
Guangdong, China. The virus was successfully cultured in BHK-21 and NA
cells (mouse-origin), PK-15 and ST cells (pig-origin), Vero and Marc-145
cells (monkey-origin) and MDBK cells (bovine-origin). In addition, the
viral genome sequence was obtained and characterized.