Mortality Mortality
All-cause Respiratory disease-related
HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
COPD
Control cohort Ref Ref
Asthma cohort without COPD 0.95 (0.90–1.01) 1.58 (1.32–1.89)
Asthma cohort with COPD 1.49 (1.39–1.59) 4.27 (3.66–4.99)
Bronchiectasis
Control cohort Ref Ref
Asthma cohort without bronchiectasis 1.12 (1.06–1.17) 2.38 (2.08–2.72)
Asthma cohort with bronchiectasis 1.43 (1.18–1.73) 6.35 (4.59–8.78)
Lung cancer
Control cohort Ref Ref
Asthma cohort without lung cancer 1.12 (1.07–1.18) 2.55 (2.24–2.90)
Asthma cohort with lung cancer 4.11 (2.59–6.52) 13.25 (0.46–23.09)
Pneumonia
Control cohort Ref Ref
Asthma cohort without pneumonia 1.03 (0.98–1.09) 2.08 (1.79–2.41)
Asthma cohort with pneumonia 1.59 (1.46–1.74) 4.72 (3.89–5.73)
NTM infection
Control cohort Ref Ref
Asthma cohort without NTM infection 1.13 (1.08–1.18) 2.54 (2.23–2.89)
Asthma cohort with NTM infection 0.85 (0.12–6.00) 8.45 (1.19–60.21)