IBD, IBE, and IBR as limits of dispersal
The GDM models including isolation by distance, environment, and resistance together explained between 24% and 96% of variation in genetic divergence within lineages. Isolation by Environment (IBE) alone, or in combination with IBD or IBR, was the most important predictor of genetic divergence within lineages, while the principal environmental variables varied across taxa (Table 2). By contrast neither IBD alone, nor IBR alone, ever explained as much of the variation in genetic distances as did combined effects. Except for two lineages (Diporiphora sobria KIM and Gehyra australis ), climatic variables were included among those contributing strongly to the models. Geographic distance (always in combination with environmental variables), was one of the most important variables for 13 of 25 lineages. For the remaining 12 lineages, eight have their genetic divergence limited by resistance surface, where four are related to cost-distance SDM; Gehyra australis and G. lapistola to the presence of a river, Heteronotia binoei NA6 to evapotranspiration, and D. sobria KIM to slope.