Demographic and maternal characteristics of the participants
Figure 1 summarized participant flow. The average age of the participants was 23.53 years (SD: 4.67 years). Among the total 3,002 participants, 2,971 (98.97%) had at least one mobile phone in their household. There were 236 pregnant women who did not receive any education (7.86%). The average annual household incomes in the two upazilas, Lohagora and Dhamrai, were 1,796 USD (Mean; 149,100 taka) (SD: 56,374 taka) and 2,231 USD (Mean; 185,163 taka (SD: 147,618 taka), respectively. The average time from home to the nearest clinics was 27.6 minutes (SD: 16.1 minutes). Table 2 summarizes the socio-demographical and maternal characteristics of the participants. The average gestation age at birth and birth weight was 37.4 weeks (SD: 1.8 weeks) and 2,841.24 g (SD: 439.64 g), respectively. Socio-demographical characteristics did not significantly differ between the intervention groups and the study settings at baseline.