Demographic and characteristics
Based on the original data, some data were excluded due to various kinds of reasons as follows. Firstly, we only counted clear and hierarchical color of amniotic fluid. Therefore, pink, bloody, and brown amniotic fluid was excluded. Then, for oxytocic manner, only parturients managed with one mode were recorded to shrug off the effect of interaction between disposing approaches. Besides, parturients over 2 births were excluded because of twins existing
Demographic and characteristics for all maternity and newborn
During the whole of 2018, 1797 women in labor suffered from the intrapartum fever in the hospital, and 2850 matched afebrile parturients were also enrolled in this study. And the proportion of the maximum temperature in fever group from 37.5 ℃ to 38.0 ℃, 38.0 ℃ to 38.5 ℃, and over 38.5 ℃ was 34.60%, 53.09%, and 12.31%, respectively (Figure S1). Table 1 displays the obstetrical characteristics of all included maternity and newborn data and the results demonstrated that the difference between intrapartum fever and afebrile groups exists in maternal age, gestational weeks at delivery, gravidity and parity, the turbidity of the amniotic fluid, birth weight of the newborn, degree of perineal laceration, oxytocic manner, time of the first and the second stage of labor. The maternity age in the study group was 28.41 ± 2.55, and up to 29.34 ± 2.82 in afebrile group (P < 0.0001). And the gestational weeks in intrapartum fever and afebrile group were 39.74 ± 1.59 and 39.48 ± 2.61 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The febrile subjects had lower gravidity and parity, especially for parity. Nearly 95% febrile parturients were nulliparous cases, but less than 69% nulliparous women in afebrile group. As for oxytocic manner during delivery, oxytocin regimens represented two thirds in fever mother-to-be women, nevertheless, more than 60% parturients without any managements in afebrile group (P< 0.0001). Besides, more bleeding (307.58 ± 96.25 vs. 283.25 ± 51.60, P < 0.0001) and cloudy amniotic fluid (31.72% vs. 18.21%, P < 0.0001) occurred in fever group, whereas they were less prone to bear the laceration of perineum (73.57% vs. 86.21%, P < 0.0001). Moreover, in intrapartum fever group, the newborn birth weight was a little higher (3384.15 ± 376.79 g vs. 3299.30 ± 442.05 g, P < 0.0001), and the first (632.13 ± 167.137 min vs. 417.76 ± 240.92 min, P< 0.0001) and the second (36.07 ± 17.47 min vs. 28.99 ±16.28 min, P < 0.0001) stage of labor were all longer than the afebrile group. However, the third stage of labor in these two groups had no significant difference. We additionally calculated the labor time after fever between 37.5 ℃ and 38.0 ℃, 38.0℃ and 38.5 ℃, and over 38.5 ℃, and the corresponding results were 256 min, 242 min, and 199 min (Figure S2). Similar to the third stage of labor, the volume of amniotic fluid also showed no significant difference.
Demographic and characteristics for nulliparity and corresponding newborn
For the sake of reducing the impact of the parity, we drew the situation of nulliparity alone (Table 2). After included nulliparity only, the number of parturients in intrapartum fever and afebrile group reduced by 91 (1797 to 1706) and 892 (2850 to 1958), respectively. Afebrile maternal age was above the fever parturients before grouping, yet decreased from 29.34 ± 3.85 to 28.00 ± 2.82 and below the febrile group (P = 0.005). In fever and afebrile group, the total, the first, and the second stage of labor time were all extended and the difference (P < 0.0001) still remained, especially for total labor time (from 455.92 ± 248.43 min to 530.27 ± 239.14 min,P < 0.0001) and the first stage of labor in afebrile maternity (from 417.76 ± 240.92 min to 487.22 ± 233.33 min, P< 0.0001). Moreover, the gravidity in afebrile group was more frequent (P < 0.0001) but had no significant difference between the two groups in nulliparity (P = 0.411).
For neonatal data, the weight difference of newborns became larger due to the birth weight in fever group unchanged nearly (from 3384.15 ± 376.79 g to 3382.86 ± 371.97 g), nonetheless, declined to 3264.99 ± 427.58 g from 3299.30 ± 442.05 g in afebrile group.
Other variables, including gestational weeks, oxytocic manner, the volume of intrapartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid turbidity, and the degree of perineal laceration, all of the above altered not notably in both groups after grouping. Besides, the volume of amniotic fluid (P = 0.924) and the third stage of labor (P = 0.539) still showed no striking difference in two types of population.