Association between C-section and HGS in the UKB
Population features are shown in Table 1. 160635 and 160651 participants were included in the observational analyses of left HGS and right HGS, respectively. There were significant differences in age, BMI and grip strength (P < 0.001), as the male participants had higher mean values than the females. Regression analyses showed significant associations between C-section and left HGS (β = -0.77, P <0.001, adjusted R2=0.5699) and right HGS (β = -0.72, P <0.001,adjusted R2 =0.5645) (Table 2).