Introduction
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common
pathogenesis of peripheral vertigo, and semicircular canal (SCC)
involvement and underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms determine the
direction and characteristics of nystagmus [1]. Meniere’s disease is
an internal ear disease that courses with spontaneous vertigo attacks,
fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, ear fullness, and tinnitus
[2]. Vestibular neuritis (VN) is selective, acute, or subacute
inflammation of the vestibular nerve. Mostly superior branch of
vestibular nerve is affected and dysfunction of these fibers arises
[3].
Video head impulse test (vHIT) is a new and important physiological test
to detect the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) for each
semicircular and finds out overt and covert catch-up saccades with the
head impulse and gaze deviation [4, 5]. Although the caloric test is
the gold standard in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular diseases,
vHIT is a simple and fast test, it does not cause nausea and discomfort
in the patient, and provides a separate evaluation for each SCC [5,
6]. While vHIT is recommended as an important diagnostic test for VN
and MD in the literature, it has been reported as unnecessary and
unfavorable in BPPV patients[5, 7]. However, there are a few
clinical studies not including the detailed analysis of BPPV patient’s
findings. The information for vHIT results for BPPV in the literature
was generally derived from the results of a group of patients with acute
or peripheral vertigo.