Subgroup analysis: robotic
Three studies included robotic surgery. Similar to the overall population, the robotic approach was as safe as the MS approach with similar early post-operative outcomes (supplementary table 3); LOS was significantly reduced in the robotic group (SMD -0.91, 95% CI -1.58, -0.24, p<.01), yet heterogeneity was detected (p<0.01); given the limited robotic sample size, no analysis at follow-up could be carried out.