References
1. Amin P, Bryson T, Krall D, Levin L, Eckman J, Bernstein JA. Clinical Characterization of Chronic Urticaria Phenotypes to Predict Treatment Outcomes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 131(2):AB27.
2. Asero R, Cugno M, Tedeschi A. Eosinophils in chronic urticaria: supporting or leading actors? The World Allergy Organization journal. 2009;2(9):213-217.
3. Vestergaard C, Deleuran M. Chronic spontaneous urticaria: latest developments in aetiology, diagnosis and therapy. Therapeutic advances in chronic disease. 2015;6(6):304-313.
4. Amin P, Levin L, Holmes SJ, Picard J, Bernstein JA. Investigation of patient-specific characteristics associated with treatment outcomes for chronic urticaria. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology In practice. 2015;3(3):400-407.
5. O’Donnell BF. Urticaria: impact on quality of life and economic cost.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America.2014;34(1):89-104.
6. Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, et al. The EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2018;73(7):1393-1414.
7. Maurer M, Rosen K, Hsieh HJ, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med.2013;368(10):924-935.
8. Saini SS, Bindslev-Jensen C, Maurer M, et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria who remain symptomatic on H1 antihistamines: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of investigative dermatology. 2015;135(1):67-75.
9. Horiuchi T, Weller PF. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by human eosinophils: upregulation by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. 1997;17(1):70-77.
10. Yu L, Buttgereit T, Stahl Skov P, et al. Immunological effects and potential mechanisms of action of autologous serum therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2019;33(9):1747-1754.
11. Kolkhir P, Andre F, Church MK, Maurer M, Metz M. Potential blood biomarkers in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy.2017;47(1):19-36.
12. Izaki S, Toyoshima S, Endo T, et al. Differentiation between control subjects and patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria based on the ability of anti-IgE autoantibodies (AAbs) to induce FcepsilonRI crosslinking, as compared to anti-FcepsilonRIalpha AAbs. Allergol Int. 2019;68(3):342-351.
13. Jain S. Pathogenesis of chronic urticaria: an overview.Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:674709.
14. Caproni M, Giomi B, Volpi W, et al. Chronic idiopathic urticaria: infiltrating cells and related cytokines in autologous serum-induced wheals. Clin Immunol. 2005;114(3):284-292.
15. Asero R, Tedeschi A, Marzano AV, Cugno M. Chronic urticaria: a focus on pathogenesis. F1000Res. 2017;6:1095.
16. Church MK, Kolkhir P, Metz M, Maurer M. The role and relevance of mast cells in urticaria. Immunol Rev. 2018;282(1):232-247.
17. Caproni M, Volpi W, Macchia D, et al. Infiltrating cells and related cytokines in lesional skin of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and positive autologous serum skin test. Exp Dermatol.2003;12(5):621-628.
18. Bel EH, Ten Brinke A. New Anti-Eosinophil Drugs for Asthma and COPD: Targeting the Trait! Chest. 2017;152(6):1276-1282.
19. Khorasanizadeh M, Eskian M, Assa’ad AH, Camargo CA, Jr., Rezaei N. Efficacy and Safety of Benralizumab, a Monoclonal Antibody against IL-5Ralpha, in Uncontrolled Eosinophilic Asthma. Int Rev Immunol.2016;35(4):294-311.
20. Varricchi G, Bagnasco D, Borriello F, Heffler E, Canonica GW. Interleukin-5 pathway inhibition in the treatment of eosinophilic respiratory disorders: evidence and unmet needs. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):186-200.
21. Hawro T, Ohanyan T, Schoepke N, et al. The Urticaria Activity Score-Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology In practice. 2018;6(4):1185-1190 e1181.
22. Mathias SD, Dreskin SC, Kaplan A, Saini SS, Spector S, Rosen KE. Development of a daily diary for patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105(2):142-148.
23. Mathias SD, Crosby RD, Zazzali JL, Maurer M, Saini SS. Evaluating the minimally important difference of the urticaria activity score and other measures of disease activity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012;108(1):20-24.
24. Bernstein JA, Singh U, Rao MB, Berendts K, Zhang X, Mutasim D. Benralizumab for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. 2020;383(14):1389-1391.
25. Choi WS, Lim ES, Ban GY, et al. Disease-specific impairment of the quality of life in adult patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.Korean J Intern Med. 2018;33(1):185-192.
26. Baiardini I, Pasquali M, Braido F, et al. A new tool to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life: chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-QoL). Allergy.2005;60(8):1073-1078.
27. Walsh KB, Zhang X, Zhu X, et al. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induces Inflammatory Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood: Global Transcriptional Profiling in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients. DNA Cell Biol.2019;38(7):660-669.
28. Sharma M, Zhang X, Huang S. Integrate Imaging Flow Cytometry and Transcriptomic Profiling to Evaluate Altered Endocytic CD1d Trafficking.J Vis Exp. 2018(140).
29. Trapnell C, Pachter L, Salzberg SL. TopHat: discovering splice junctions with RNA-Seq. Bioinformatics. 2009;25(9):1105-1111.
30. Huber W, Carey VJ, Gentleman R, et al. Orchestrating high-throughput genomic analysis with Bioconductor. Nat Meth. 2015;12(2):115-121.
31. Ohanyan T, Schoepke N, Bolukbasi B, et al. Responsiveness and minimal important difference of the urticaria control test. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(6):1710-1713 e1711.
32. Snodgrass RG, Brune B. Regulation and Functions of 15-Lipoxygenases in Human Macrophages. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:719.
33. Musso T, Gusella GL, Brooks A, Longo DL, Varesio L. Interleukin-4 inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human monocytes.Blood. 1994;83(5):1408-1411.
34. Castro M, Wenzel SE, Bleecker ER, et al. Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin 5 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, versus placebo for uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma: a phase 2b randomised dose-ranging study. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(11):879-890.
35. Kaplan AP, Joseph K, Maykut RJ, Geba GP, Zeldin RK. Treatment of chronic autoimmune urticaria with omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(3):569-573.
36. Kaplan A, Ledford D, Ashby M, et al. Omalizumab in patients with symptomatic chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria despite standard combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(1):101-109.
37. Sabroe RA, Fiebiger E, Francis DM, et al. Classification of anti-FcepsilonRI and anti-IgE autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria and correlation with disease severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(3):492-499.
38. Xu H, Oriss TB, Fei M, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in lung dendritic cells promotes Th2 responses and allergic inflammation.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(18):6690-6695.
39. Pertovaara M, Hasan T, Raitala A, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and predicts disease activation in the sunny season. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;150(2):274-278.
40. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Duftner C, Wirleitner B, Schirmer M, Fuchs D. Tryptophan degradation increases with stage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25(3):334-337.
41. McGaha TL, Huang L, Lemos H, et al. Amino acid catabolism: a pivotal regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev.2012;249(1):135-157.
42. Scott GN, DuHadaway J, Pigott E, et al. The immunoregulatory enzyme IDO paradoxically drives B cell-mediated autoimmunity. J Immunol.2009;182(12):7509-7517.
43. Kiwamoto T, Kawasaki N, Paulson JC, Bochner BS. Siglec-8 as a drugable target to treat eosinophil and mast cell-associated conditions.Pharmacol Ther. 2012;135(3):327-336.
44. Mohamed RW, Fathy A, el-Sayed AE. Increased circulating FcepsilonRII-bearing B-lymphocytes and serum levels of IL-4 in non-autoreactive chronic idiopathic urticaria. Egypt J Immunol.2003;10(2):9-18.
45. Sandham DA, Barker L, Brown L, et al. Discovery of Fevipiprant (NVP-QAW039), a Potent and Selective DP2 Receptor Antagonist for Treatment of Asthma. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2017;8(5):582-586.