Figures:
Figure 1 .  Preoperative CT angiogram (3D view) demonstrating multiple calcified plaques in the ascending and descending aorta.
Figure 2 .  Preoperative hemodynamic study with tracings of the electrocardiogram. Panel A shows fixed midventricular obstruction. Panel B shows dynamic subaortic obstruction with a marked increase in gradient following a premature ventricular contraction. Panel C  the arrows show ventricular discordance (interdependence) with an increase in right ventricular pressure and a simultaneous decrease in left ventricular pressure during inspiration suggesting constrictive pericarditis.
ECG: electrocardiogram (white line); LVP: left ventricular pressure (blue line); AP: aortic pressure (green line); LAP: left atrial pressure (red line); RVP: right ventricular pressure (gray line).