References:
[1] Bayliss CE, Beanlands DS, Baird RJ: The pacemaker-twiddler’s syndrome: a new complication of implantable transvenous pacemakers. Can Med Assoc J 1968; 99:371-373.
[2] Arindam P, Achyut S, Imran A, Naveen Ganiga Sanjeeva C, Rabin C: Pacemaker Twiddler’s syndrome: Review Through a Case Report. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research 2015; 6:148-151.
[3] Morales JL, Nava S, Marquez MF, Gonzalez J, Gomez-Flores J, Colin L, Martinez-Rios MA, Iturralde P: Idiopathic Lead Migration: Concept and Variants of an Uncommon Cause of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Dysfunction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2017; 3:1321-1329.
[4] Fahraeus T, Hoijer CJ: Early pacemaker twiddler syndrome. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2003; 5:279-281.
[5] Kwon CH, Choi JH, Kim J, Jo U, Lee JH, Lee WS, Kim YR, Lee SY, Whang KW, Yang J, Kim SH, Oh YS, Park KM, Nam GB, Choi KJ, Kim YH: Complications of Cardiac Perforation and Lead Dislodgement with an MRI-Conditional Pacing Lead: a Korean Multi-Center Experience. Journal of Korean medical science 2016; 31:1397-1402.
[6] Morin DP, Iwai S: Iatrogenic Twiddler’s syndrome. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2010; 29:135-137.
[7] Wang Y, Hou W, Zhou C, Yin Y, Lu S, Liu G, Duan C, Cao M, Li M, Toft ES, Zhang HJ: Meta-analysis of the incidence of lead dislodgement with conventional and leadless pacemaker systems. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 41:1365-1371.
[8] Srivastava N, Kean A: Significant Lead Migration of a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in a Pediatric Patient. Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management 2017; 8.
[9] Schinkel AF, Vriesendorp PA, Sijbrands EJ, Jordaens LJ, ten Cate FJ, Michels M: Outcome and complications after implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:552-559.
[10] Knops RE, Brouwer TF, Barr CS, Theuns DA, Boersma L, Weiss R, Neuzil P, Scholten M, Lambiase PD, Leon AR, Hood M, Jones PW, Wold N, Grace AA, Olde Nordkamp LR, Burke MC: The learning curve associated with the introduction of the subcutaneous implantable defibrillator. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2016; 18:1010-1015.
[11] Osoro M, Lorson W, Hirsh JB, Mahlow WJ: Use of an antimicrobial pouch/envelope in the treatment of Twiddler’s syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 41:136-142.
[12] Sobstyl MR, Zabek M, Brzuszkiewicz-Kuzmicka G, Pasterski T: Dual Anchor Internal Pulse Generator Technique May Lower Risk of Twiddler’s Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review. Neuromodulation 2017; 20:606-612.
[13] Shandling AH, Ellestad MH, Castellanet MJ, Messenger JC: Dacron-woven pacemaker pouch. Influence on long-term pacemaker mobility. Chest 1991; 99:660-662.