Regular letters refer to non-significant results and bold letters refer to significant correlations. Geo, geographical distance; Gen, genetic distance; Env, environmental distance.
3.3. Outlier analyses and MLR analysis
BayeScan determined 71 loci as outliers with a log10PO above 2, which is a threshold for adequate evidence for accepting a model under selection, corresponding to a posterior probability greater than 0.99 (Figure 3A ). Using the Dfdist, we identified 126 adaptive loci at the 99.5% confidence intervals (Figure 3B) . 42 outlier loci were identified using two complementary analyses. The extremely strict significance criteria in the two approaches also assured the robustness of 42 outlier loci. Lastly, 21 potential loci under selection were verified by the MLR analysis withRadj2 > 0.5 (Table 4 ). When we ran linear regressions using each environmental variable individually, all these eleven environmental variables were associated with the potential loci under selection and 30 loci were significantly (P< 0.05) associated with at least one of the eleven selected environmental variables.