Characteristic Univariate Analysis Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis
OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value
Presentation (Acute HF) 3.56 (2.54 – 5.00) <0.001 2.26 (1.55 – 3.29) <0.001
Congestive symptoms (presence of) 2.95 (2.12 – 4.10) <0.001
Dyspnea (presence of) 2.43 (1.75 – 3.38) <0.001
Heart rate (per beats/minute increase) 1.01 (1.00 – 1.02) 0.02
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (presence of) 2.02 (1.34 – 3.05) 0.001
Jugular distention (presence of) 2.10 (1.50 – 2.96) <0.001
Pretibial oedema (presence of) 1.50 (1.08 – 2.09) 0.02
Crepitations (presence of) 3.12 (2.21 – 4.39) <0.001
Hemoglobin (per g/dl increase) 0.84 (0.78 – 0.91) <0.001
Sodium (per g/dl increase) 0.96 (0.94 – 0.98) <0.001 0.97 (0.95 – 0.99) 0.013
NYHA (Class 3/4) 4.02 (2.77 – 5.82) <0.001 2.45 (1.60 – 3.72) <0.001
ACEF-MDRD (per 1 point increase) 1.28 (1.17 – 1.38) <0.001 1.14 (1.04 – 1.24) 0.006