Patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection
Patients with severe COVID-19 infection were more likely to have a higher respiratory rate, lower oxygen, and higher fibrinogen, troponin and BNP concentrations as compared to patients with moderate COVID-19 infection (Table 3). Despite higher BNP or troponin concentrations, conventional echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular structure or systolic/diastolic functions were not different between groups. Basal coronary flow velocity was significantly higher and CFVR was significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19, despite a lack of difference between groups in terms of hyperemic flow velocity reserve (Table 4). Neither basal nor hyperemic heart rate were different between groups, but there was a trend towards higher basal heart rate in severe COVID-19 patients.