Introduction
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths
worldwide 1, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancers. Despite the existence
of various treatment methods such as new chemotherapeutics and
gene-targeted drugs, still patients with lung cancer have below 5-year
survival rate and high mortality rate. In recent years, immunotherapy,
especially PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, has achieved a great
success in the clinical application of various tumors by inhibiting the
PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and activating the immune system.
Therefore, it has fetched much attentions of the researchers recently.
However, existing clinical trials often exclude patients with viral
infections (patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, etc.), and
the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for such patients are still
unclear. There is a high occurrence of hepatitis B in China and the
current hepatitis B surface antigen carrying rate of people under 60 is
7.2% 2. There are about 93 million chronic HBV
infections, of which more than 20 million are patients with active
hepatitis B 3. The purpose of current investigation is
to retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of PD-1 immune
checkpoint inhibitors for locally advanced and advanced NSCLC patients
with chronic viral infection, to provide a reference for clinical
decision-making.