a. number of studies included in analysis.
b . The pooled effect was calculated using Comprehensive
Meta-analysis software v2.
c . The \(I^{2}\) statistic was calculated by using Cochran’s
test, and \(I^{2}\) > 50% was considered to indicate
significant heterogeneity across studies
* p-value <0.05 (two-tailed) were considered
significant