3.1 Clinical characteristics of the study population
The 5,273 subjects had a mean age at baseline of 58.7 ± 7.2 years, and after a mean follow-up interval of 3.6 ± 0.7 years, 335 (6.4%) had developed new CKD. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of the subjects at baseline are summarized in Table 1. Compared to those who did not develop CKD, subjects that did had increased FPG, 2h OGTT, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (all, P < 0.001). However, HOMA-β was not different between the 2 groups.