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A wide body of evidence supports that abnormalities of glucose metabolism are related with the development if CKD. However, associations have mainly been identified through cross-sectional studies; longitudinal data associating indices of glucose metabolisms and CKD are limited. In addition, few studies have examined if any single index of glucose metabolism is superior for predicting the development of CKD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use longitudinal data to investigate associations between glucose metabolism indices and CKD in a Chinese population, and determine which index is superior for predicting CKD.