Reference
1. WHO. Novel coronavirus – China.
https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/;
2020 [accessed 19 Jan 2020].
2. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic
characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus:
implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet.
2020;395:565-74.
3. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel
Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med.
2020;382:727-33.
4. Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology
in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol.
2020;92:401-2.
5. Bogoch, II, Watts A, Thomas-Bachli A, Huber C, Kraemer MUG, Khan K.
Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China. J Travel
Med. 2020;27.
6. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission
Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N
Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199-207.
7. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial
cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus
indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster.
Lancet. 2020;395:514-23.
8. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological
and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus
pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:507-13.
9. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features
of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.
10. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical
Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med.
2020.
11. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical
Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel
Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020.
12. Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the
assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur
J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603-5.
13. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et al. Clinical
characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan,
China. Allergy. 2020.
14. WHO. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when
novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance. Jan
28, 2020.
15. Zhou B. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference
to risk factors of related diseases in Chinese adult population. Chin J
Epidemiol. 2002;23:5-10.
16. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and
outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan,
China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet
Respir Med. 2020.
17. Liu Y, Sun W, Li J, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang L, et al. Clinical
features and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome in
coronavirus disease 2019. medRxiv. 2020:2020.02.17.20024166.
18. Chang D, Lin M, Wei L, Xie L, Zhu G, Dela Cruz CS, et al.
Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus
Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China. JAMA.
2020;323:1092-3.
19. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 3 (Reporting week ending
19:00 AEDT 15 February 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44.
20. Wei M, Yuan J, Liu Y, Fu T, Yu X, Zhang ZJ. Novel Coronavirus
Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA.
2020.
21. Bastola A, Sah R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Lal BK, Jha R, Ojha HC, et
al. The first 2019 novel coronavirus case in Nepal. Lancet Infect Dis.
2020;20:279-80.
22. Bernard Stoecklin S, Rolland P, Silue Y, Mailles A, Campese C,
Simondon A, et al. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in
France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020.
Euro Surveill. 2020;25.
23. Pongpirul WA, Pongpirul K, Ratnarathon AC, Prasithsirikul W. Journey
of a Thai Taxi Driver and Novel Coronavirus. N Engl J Med.
2020;382:1067-8.
24. Kim JY, Choe PG, Oh Y, Oh KJ, Kim J, Park SJ, et al. The First Case
of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Imported into Korea from Wuhan,
China: Implication for Infection Prevention and Control Measures. J
Korean Med Sci. 2020;35:e61.
25. Silverstein WK, Stroud L, Cleghorn GE, Leis JA. First imported case
of 2019 novel coronavirus in Canada, presenting as mild pneumonia.
Lancet. 2020;395:734.
26. Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H, et
al. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J
Med. 2020;382:929-36.
27. Liu YC, Liao CH, Chang CF, Chou CC, Lin YR. A Locally Transmitted
Case of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Taiwan. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1070-2.
28. Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, Nguyen TV, Nguyen HT, Le HQ, et al.
Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in
Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:872-4.
29. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, Chan P, Cameron P, Joynt GM, et al. A major
outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J
Med. 2003;348:1986-94.
30. Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, Al-Rabiah FA, Al-Hajjar S,
Al-Barrak A, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical
characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet
Infect Dis. 2013;13:752-61.
31. Leung WK, To KF, Chan PK, Chan HL, Wu AK, Lee N, et al. Enteric
involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus
infection. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1011-7.
Figure/Table legend :
Fig. 1. The flowchart of selecting studies for this analysis.
Careful screening and stringent criteria were used.
Fig. 2. The forests plots of fever (A), dyspnea (B) and
diarrhea (C). In all cases, these symptoms were found significantly
enriched in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Fig. 3. The funnel plot of fever, dyspnea and diarrhea. They
are all largely symmetrical, suggesting no significant publication
deviation exists.
Table 1 A summary of clinical presentations from COVID-19
pneumonia. This is a summary based on 14 eligible studies.
Table 2 The comparison of clinical features from severe vs.
non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Here three high-quality studies with used
for comparison and statistical analysis.
Table 3 Basic characteristics at time of hospital admission for
COVID-19 patients in Wenzhou, China.