Contribution to authorship
AZL, HD, ML and KC conceptualised the study. VN, IB, EG, HR, AR, MO, AJN, AP,JEHB, KK, AMK, ALB,CCC, MCA, DT extracted data and verified all first trimester exposures. LAZ conducted the literature review and data analysis with technical inputs from HD, ML and KC. AZL, HD drafted the manuscript with full inputs from all other authors.