Interacting drugs |
Interacting active principles |
Interaction severity |
Interaction
effects |
CNS medications |
Alprazolam-codeine or morphine |
Major |
Increased risk of CNS- and respiratory system depression. |
|
Alprazolam-furosemide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Alprazolam-omeprazole |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
alprazolam. |
|
Alprazolam-trazodone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Citalopram-promazine |
Major |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Citalopram-quetiapine |
Major |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Clonazepam-dexmedetomidine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Clonazepam-spironolactone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Clonazepam-propofol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Clonazepam-risperidone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Codeine-morphine |
Major |
Increased risk of CNS- and respiratory
system depression. |
|
Codeine-trazodone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of serotonin
syndrome. |
|
Codeine-valproic acid |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-amlodipine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-midazolam |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-olanzapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-propofol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-ramipril |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-risperidone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression. |
|
Dexmedetomidine-spironolactone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Haloperidol-verapamil |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Lorazepam-bisoprolol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Lorazepam-furosemide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Lorazepam-haloperidol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and/or
respiratory-depressant effects. |
|
Lorazepam-olanzapine |
Major |
Increased CNS- and CV-depressant
effects (i.e., low blood pressure, weak pulse, muscle weakness,
drowsiness, and dizziness). |
|
Lorazepam-risperidone |
Moderate |
Increased CNS- and/or
respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or
synergistically. |
|
Lorazepam-tamsulosin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Midazolam-propofol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and respiratory
system depression. |
|
Midazolam-spironolactone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Morphine-trazodone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and respiratory
system depression. |
|
Olanzapine-amlodipine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Olanzapine-bisoprolol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Olanzapine-citalopram |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Olanzapine-clonazepam |
Major |
Increased risk of CNS
depression. |
|
Olanzapine-midazolam |
Major |
Increased risk of CNS
depression. |
|
Olanzapine-promazine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of paralytic ileus,
hyperthermia, heat stroke, and anticholinergic intoxication
syndrome. |
|
Olanzapine-propofol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Olanzapine-quetiapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of paralytic ileus,
hyperthermia, heat stroke, and anticholinergic intoxication
syndrome. |
|
Olanzapine-spironolactone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Promazine-bisoprolol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Promazine-quetiapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Quetiapine-bisoprolol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Risperidone-amlodipine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Risperidone-olanzapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of paralytic ileus,
hyperthermia, heat stroke, and anticholinergic intoxication
syndrome. |
|
Risperidone-midazolam |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and
respiratory system depression |
|
Risperidone-propofol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Risperidone-spironolactone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Sertraline-furosemide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hyponatraemia. |
|
Sertraline-loperamide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Sertraline-lorazepam |
Moderate |
Increased CNS- and/or
respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or
synergistically. |
|
Sertraline-olanzapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Sertraline-risperidone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Sertraline-tamsulosin |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
tamsulosin due to sertraline inhibition of CYP450 3A4 and/or 2D6 and
increased risk of hypotension. |
|
Trazodone-citalopram |
Major |
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
and of QT ECG prolongation. |
|
Valproic acid-clonazepam |
Moderate |
Increased risk of drowsiness and
seizures. |
|
Valproic acid-haloperidol |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and/or
respiratory-depressant effects. |
|
Valproic acid-dexmedetomidine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS-
and/or respiratory-depressant effects. |
|
Valproic acid-morphine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS-depressant
effects. |
|
Valproic acid-olanzapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of hepatic
toxicity. |
|
Valproic acid-propofol |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
propofol. |
|
Valproic acid-risperidone |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
valproic acid. |
|
Valproic acid-trazodone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of CNS- and/or
respiratory-depressant effects. |
CV medications |
Acetylsalicylic acid-amlodipine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of hypertension. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-enoxaparin |
Major |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-betamethasone or methylprednisolone |
Moderate |
Reduced serum concentrations and therapeutic effects of
salicylates. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-candesartan |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
candesartan inefficacy due to acetylsalicylic acid-related inhibition of
renal prostaglandin synthesis. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-citalopram |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-losartan or valsartan |
Moderate |
Increased risk
of losartan inefficacy due to acetylsalicylic acid-related inhibition of
renal prostaglandin synthesis. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-sertraline |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-verapamil |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
valproic acid. |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid-verapamil |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bleeding, bruising, headache, dizziness, weakness. |
|
Amiodarone-furosemide |
Major |
Increased risk of QT ECG
prolongation. |
|
Amiodarone-warfarin |
Major |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
|
Atorvastatin-amiodarone |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
atorvastatin and increased risk of myopathy. |
|
Atorvastatin-bicalutamide |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
atorvastatin and increased risk of myopathy. |
|
Atorvastatin-pantoprazole |
Moderate |
Increased blood levels of
atorvastatin and increased risk of liver damage and myopathy due to
competitive inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein and CYP450
3A4. |
|
Bisoprolol-alprazolam |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Bisoprolol-gliclazide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |
|
Bisoprolol-furosemide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of hyperglycaemia
and hypertriglyceridemia. |
|
Bisoprolol-linezolid |
Moderate |
Increased risk of hypotension,
orthostasis, bradycardia, and heart failure. |
|
Bisoprolol-methylprednisolone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bisoprolol inefficacy due to corticosteroids-related sodium and fluid
retention. |
|
Candesartan-enoxaparin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hyperkalaemia. |
|
Candesartan-betamethasone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of candesartan
inefficacy due to corticosteroids-related sodium and fluid
retention. |
|
Clopidogrel-atorvastatin |
Moderate |
Decreased efficacy of
clopidogrel due to a mechanism of competitive inhibition of CYP450
3A4. |
|
Clopidogrel-citalopram |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
|
Losartan-betamethasone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of losartan
inefficacy due to corticosteroids-related sodium and fluid
retention. |
|
Olmesartan-potassium chloride |
Major |
Increased risk of
hyperkalaemia. |
|
Perindopril-furosemide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of hypotension and
hypovolemia. |
|
Perindopril-glicazide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |
|
Perindopril-insulin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |
|
Perindopril-metformin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |
|
Perindopril-vildagliptin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
angioedema. |
|
Ramipril-allopurinol |
Major |
Increased risk of severe
hypersensitivity reactions, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, and serious
infections. |
|
Ramipril-clonazepam |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Ramipril-olanzapine |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Ramipril-risperidone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypotension. |
|
Ramipril-spironolactone |
Major |
Increased risk of
hyperkalaemia. |
|
Ramipril-vildagliptin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
angioedema. |
|
Warfarin-amoxicillin/clavulanate |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
|
Warfarin-rabeprazole or pantoprazole |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
bleeding. |
Other interactions |
Fluticasone
propionate/vilanterol-linezolid |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypertension, palpitation, tachycardia, and chest pain. |
|
Furosemide-ceftriaxone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
nephrotoxicity. |
|
Furosemide-gliclazide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hyperglycaemia. |
|
Furosemide-insulin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hyperglycaemia. |
|
Furosemide-linezolid |
Moderate |
Increased risk of hypotension and
orthostasis. |
|
Furosemide-methylprednisolone |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypokalaemia. |
|
Furosemide-pantoprazole or esomeprazole |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypomagnesemia. |
|
Furosemide-vildagliptin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hyperglycaemia. |
|
Gliclazide-furosemide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hyperglycaemia. |
|
Insulin-gliclazide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |
|
Insulin-vildagliptin |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |
|
Vildagliptin-gliclazide |
Moderate |
Increased risk of
hypoglycaemia. |