Case |
Age (years) |
M/F |
Adverse
Drug Reactions (PT) |
Outcome |
Suspected drugs |
Concomitant medications |
Concomitant
conditions |
1
|
36
|
F
|
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, drug level modification
|
Improvement
|
Tacrolimus
Darunavir/cobicistat
|
None
|
Renal transplant
|
2
|
80
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged, atrial flutter, hemiplegia, hypokalaemia, major
depression
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Risperidone
|
Sertraline, olanzapine, lorazepam, ceftriaxone, enoxaparin,
lopinavir/ritonavir*, darunavir/cobicistat*
|
None
|
3
|
61
|
M
|
Hypertransaminasemia
|
Improvement
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Darunavir/cobicistat
Tocilizumab
HCQ
|
Azithromycin, bisoprolol, pantoprazole, enoxaparin, lorazepam,
atorvastatin
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
4
|
52
|
F
|
Diarrhoea, vomiting
|
Complete resolution
|
Darunavir/cobicistat
HCQ
Azithromycin
|
None
|
None
|
5
|
78
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged, hypokalaemia
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Lopinavir/ritonavir
|
Darunavir/cobicistat*
|
Cardiomyopathy and pacemaker
|
6
|
84
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged, vomiting
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Azithromycin
|
None
|
Pancreatic lesions
|
7
|
56
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Azithromycin
|
Darunavir/cobicistat*, enoxaparin, acetylsalicylic acid, candesartan,
losartan, betamethasone, amoxicillin
|
Hypertension
|
8
|
93
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Citalopram
|
Simvastatin, levothyroxine, bromazepam, trazodone, enoxaparin,
azithromycin, ceftriaxone
|
None
|
9
|
82
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Azithromycin
|
Sevelamer, pantoprazole, bisoprolol, furosemide, methylprednisolone,
piperacillin/tazobactam, linezolid, epoetin alpha
|
Renal failure, anaemia, hypertension
|
10
|
80
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Unchanged event
|
HCQ
Sertraline
Azithromycin
|
Valsartan, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lorazepam, amlodipine,
mesalamine, tamsulosin, loperamide, piperacillin/tazobactam,
acetylsalicylic acid, enoxaparin, furosemide
|
None
|
11
|
67
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Unchanged event
|
HCQ
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Azithromycin
Haloperidol
Levomepromazine
Zuclopenthixol
|
Valproic acid, atorvastatin, lorazepam, fondaparinux
|
Paranoid schizophrenia, hypercholesterolemia
|
12
|
85
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Unchanged event
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir
HCQ
|
Piperacillin/tazobactam, magnesium sulphate, linezolid, fluticasone
propionate/vilanterol, bisoprolol, pantoprazole, thiamazole,
allopurinol, acetylsalicylic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, calcium
carbonate, calcitriol
|
Renal failure, hyperthyroidism, BPH, heart failure
|
13
|
70
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Death
|
HCQ
Darunavir/cobicistat
Azithromycin
Amiodarone
|
Warfarin, furosemide, potassium chloride, atorvastatin,
amoxicillin/clavulanate, acetaminophen, enoxaparin, ruxolitinib,
aclidinium bromide
|
COPD, hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation, renal failure
|
14
|
86
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Lopinavir/ritonavir
|
Furosemide, apixaban, atorvastatin,
nitroglycerine, clonidine, potassium chloride, darunavir/cobicistat*,
enoxaparin
|
None
|
15
|
93
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Death
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir
HCQ
Azithromycin
|
Ceftriaxone, furosemide, bisoprolol, tamsulosin, dutasteride, ramipril,
enoxaparin, insulin, gliclazide, vildagliptin, metformin, perindopril,
barnidipine, simvastatin
|
Diabetes, hypertension, BPH, vascular encephalopathy, lower limbs
obliterating arteriopathy
|
16
|
80
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Death
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir
HCQ
Azithromycin
Haloperidol
|
Verapamil, lansoprazole, acetylsalicylic acid, macrogol,
enoxaparin
|
Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases, hypertension, right carotid
stenosis, renal failure, hepatic steatosis
|
17
|
85
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged, hypokalaemia
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Magnesium sulphate
|
Tamsulosin, bisoprolol, warfarin, atorvastatin, bicalutamide,
rabeprazole, meropenem, vancomycin, potassium chloride
|
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, neuropathic pain, prostatic cancer,
mitral valve intervention, hypokalaemia and hypomagnesemia
|
18
|
71
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Darunavir/cobicistat
|
Simvastatin, allopurinol, olmesartan, nebivolol, rivaroxaban, potassium
chloride
|
Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary emphysema,
obesity
|
19
|
89
|
M
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Initial improvement of QT prolongation and death
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir
HCQ
Azithromycin
Citalopram
|
Pantoprazole, bisoprolol, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, quetiapine,
promazine, piperacilline/tazobactam, enoxaparin, olanzapine
|
Mild mental retardation, Parkinson’s disease, past severe head injury
with subdural hematoma, chronic dysphagia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia,
hypertension, dyslipidaemia, chronic renal failure
|
20
|
65
|
M
|
Psychosis, agitation, delirium, aggressiveness
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Darunavir/cobicistat
Tocilizumab
|
Dutasteride, allopurinol, propofol, risperidone, valproic acid,
clonazepam, ramipril, amlodipine, midazolam, spironolactone,
dexmedetomidine, olanzapine
|
Overweight, hyperuricemia, prostatic hypertrophy
|
21
|
81
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Darunavir/cobicistat
|
Thiamazole, pantoprazole, folic acid, potassium chloride, bisoprolol,
furosemide, warfarin, potassium canrenoate, alprazolam, enoxaparin and
iron, vitamin C and vitamin B12 supplementation
|
Atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, mitral
valve disease
|
22
|
89
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Death
|
HCQ
Trazodone
|
Ceftriaxone, methylprednisolone, acetylsalicylic acid,
acetaminophen/codeine, alprazolam, omeprazole, valproic acid, morphine,
enoxaparin, calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation
|
Cognitive impairment, chronic subcortical vascular encephalopathy,
kidney heteroplasia, hypertension, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis,
anxiety-depressive syndrome
|
23
|
88
|
F
|
ECG QT prolonged
|
Improvement
|
HCQ
Darunavir/cobicistat
Haloperidol
|
Promazine, enoxaparin, potassium chloride
|
Alzheimer’s disease
|