Case Age (years) M/F Adverse Drug Reactions (PT) Outcome Suspected drugs Concomitant medications Concomitant conditions
1
36
F
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, drug level modification
Improvement
Tacrolimus Darunavir/cobicistat
None
Renal transplant
2
80
M
ECG QT prolonged, atrial flutter, hemiplegia, hypokalaemia, major depression
Improvement
HCQ Risperidone
Sertraline, olanzapine, lorazepam, ceftriaxone, enoxaparin, lopinavir/ritonavir*, darunavir/cobicistat*
None
3
61
M
Hypertransaminasemia
Improvement
Lopinavir/ritonavir Darunavir/cobicistat Tocilizumab HCQ
Azithromycin, bisoprolol, pantoprazole, enoxaparin, lorazepam, atorvastatin
Atrial fibrillation
4
52
F
Diarrhoea, vomiting
Complete resolution
Darunavir/cobicistat HCQ Azithromycin
None
None
5
78
F
ECG QT prolonged, hypokalaemia
Improvement
HCQ Lopinavir/ritonavir
Darunavir/cobicistat*
Cardiomyopathy and pacemaker
6
84
M
ECG QT prolonged, vomiting
Improvement
HCQ Lopinavir/ritonavir Azithromycin
None
Pancreatic lesions
7
56
M
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Lopinavir/ritonavir Azithromycin
Darunavir/cobicistat*, enoxaparin, acetylsalicylic acid, candesartan, losartan, betamethasone, amoxicillin
Hypertension
8
93
F
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Citalopram
Simvastatin, levothyroxine, bromazepam, trazodone, enoxaparin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone
None
9
82
F
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Lopinavir/ritonavir Azithromycin
Sevelamer, pantoprazole, bisoprolol, furosemide, methylprednisolone, piperacillin/tazobactam, linezolid, epoetin alpha
Renal failure, anaemia, hypertension
10
80
M
ECG QT prolonged
Unchanged event
HCQ Sertraline Azithromycin
Valsartan, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lorazepam, amlodipine, mesalamine, tamsulosin, loperamide, piperacillin/tazobactam, acetylsalicylic acid, enoxaparin, furosemide
None
11
67
F
ECG QT prolonged
Unchanged event
HCQ Lopinavir/ritonavir Azithromycin Haloperidol Levomepromazine Zuclopenthixol
Valproic acid, atorvastatin, lorazepam, fondaparinux
Paranoid schizophrenia, hypercholesterolemia
12
85
M
ECG QT prolonged
Unchanged event
Lopinavir/ritonavir HCQ
Piperacillin/tazobactam, magnesium sulphate, linezolid, fluticasone propionate/vilanterol, bisoprolol, pantoprazole, thiamazole, allopurinol, acetylsalicylic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, calcium carbonate, calcitriol
Renal failure, hyperthyroidism, BPH, heart failure
13
70
F
ECG QT prolonged
Death
HCQ Darunavir/cobicistat Azithromycin Amiodarone
Warfarin, furosemide, potassium chloride, atorvastatin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, acetaminophen, enoxaparin, ruxolitinib, aclidinium bromide
COPD, hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation, renal failure
14
86
M
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Lopinavir/ritonavir Furosemide, apixaban, atorvastatin, nitroglycerine, clonidine, potassium chloride, darunavir/cobicistat*, enoxaparin
None
15
93
M
ECG QT prolonged
Death
Lopinavir/ritonavir HCQ Azithromycin Ceftriaxone, furosemide, bisoprolol, tamsulosin, dutasteride, ramipril, enoxaparin, insulin, gliclazide, vildagliptin, metformin, perindopril, barnidipine, simvastatin
Diabetes, hypertension, BPH, vascular encephalopathy, lower limbs obliterating arteriopathy
16
80
M
ECG QT prolonged
Death
Lopinavir/ritonavir HCQ Azithromycin Haloperidol
Verapamil, lansoprazole, acetylsalicylic acid, macrogol, enoxaparin
Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases, hypertension, right carotid stenosis, renal failure, hepatic steatosis
17
85
M
ECG QT prolonged, hypokalaemia
Improvement
HCQ Magnesium sulphate
Tamsulosin, bisoprolol, warfarin, atorvastatin, bicalutamide, rabeprazole, meropenem, vancomycin, potassium chloride
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, neuropathic pain, prostatic cancer, mitral valve intervention, hypokalaemia and hypomagnesemia
18
71
M
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Darunavir/cobicistat
Simvastatin, allopurinol, olmesartan, nebivolol, rivaroxaban, potassium chloride
Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary emphysema, obesity
19
89
M
ECG QT prolonged
Initial improvement of QT prolongation and death
Lopinavir/ritonavir HCQ Azithromycin Citalopram
Pantoprazole, bisoprolol, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, quetiapine, promazine, piperacilline/tazobactam, enoxaparin, olanzapine
Mild mental retardation, Parkinson’s disease, past severe head injury with subdural hematoma, chronic dysphagia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, chronic renal failure
20
65
M
Psychosis, agitation, delirium, aggressiveness
Improvement
HCQ Darunavir/cobicistat Tocilizumab
Dutasteride, allopurinol, propofol, risperidone, valproic acid, clonazepam, ramipril, amlodipine, midazolam, spironolactone, dexmedetomidine, olanzapine
Overweight, hyperuricemia, prostatic hypertrophy
21
81
F
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Darunavir/cobicistat
Thiamazole, pantoprazole, folic acid, potassium chloride, bisoprolol, furosemide, warfarin, potassium canrenoate, alprazolam, enoxaparin and iron, vitamin C and vitamin B12 supplementation
Atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, mitral valve disease
22
89
F
ECG QT prolonged
Death
HCQ Trazodone
Ceftriaxone, methylprednisolone, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen/codeine, alprazolam, omeprazole, valproic acid, morphine, enoxaparin, calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation
Cognitive impairment, chronic subcortical vascular encephalopathy, kidney heteroplasia, hypertension, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, anxiety-depressive syndrome
23
88
F
ECG QT prolonged
Improvement
HCQ Darunavir/cobicistat Haloperidol
Promazine, enoxaparin, potassium chloride
Alzheimer’s disease