Participants
This observational study was performed from February to December 2019 in [removed for blind peer review]. Ninety-four children who came to the hospital for verbal evaluation were recruited. Most of the subjects were children with hearing loss who used hearing aids or cochlear implants prior to the examination and children with hearing loss who had congenital microtia. All of the children exhibited a range of speech and language skills. Children in this study were able to identify all tested cards and cooperate to complete the test task. No indications of mental disability, cleft palate, or pronunciation organ malformation were documented in the patients’ records.