Motor coordination measurements
After seven days the last MPTP injection, mice were tested the behavior ability using rotarod test and pole test. Motor performance was evaluated using rotarod apparatus. The mice were trained for 3 min 3 times a day during 3 consecutive days. The rotarod speed was gradually increased from 2 rpm to 16 rpm for all training days. In the test day, mice were performed the behavior ability test in 3 trials with the same procedure on the last training day and the average of 3 trials per test was considered as the final score. For the pole test, mice were placed on the top of vertical pole (55 cm height, 8 mm diameter) before starting the measurement. The time until mice descended to the floor completely was recorded as the time to turn (T-turn).