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Figure 1 . Effect of SA in MPP+ SH-SY5Y cells. (A) Evaluation of the dose-dependent effects of SA. (B) The protein expression of TH was measured by western blot after treatment with both MPP+ and SA. (C) The cellular ATP content and (D) median GDH activity were measured using a commercially available assay kit to examine mitochondrial function. The results are presented as the mean\(\pm\)S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared to the control group, #p < 0.05 compared to the MPP+ group.
Figure 2 . Effect of SA in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to the REV-ERB α antagonist SR8278 and the REV-ERB α agonist GSK4112. (A – C) The protein expression of REV-ERB α and TH was measured by western blot after treatment with both MPP+ and SA. The results are presented as the mean\(\pm\)S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared to the control group, #p < 0.05 compared to the MPP+ group.
Figure 3 . Effect of SA in MPTP-treated mice. (A – B) After 5 days of SA treatment with or without MPTP, we examined the motor function of mice using the rotarod test and the pole test. (C - D) The cellular ATP content and GDH activity were measured using a commercially available assay kit to examine mitochondrial function. (E - F) The protein expression of TH and REV-ERB α was measured by western blot after treatment with both MPTP and SA. (G) Images of TH (green), REV-ERB α (red) and nuclei (blue) in the SNpc tissues were collected by fluorescence microscopy. The results are presented as the mean\(\pm\)S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared to the control group, #p < 0.05 compared to the MPTP group.
Figure 4 Effect of SA on mitochondrial fission in MPTP-treated mice. (A - D) The protein expression of Drp1, phospho-Drp1 Ser616, and phospho-Drp1 Ser637 was measured by western blot after treatment with both MPTP and SA. The results are presented as the mean\(\pm\)S.E.M.*P < 0.05 compared to the control group, #p < 0.05 compared to the MPTP group.
Figure 5 . Effect of SA in MPTP-treated mice through inhibition of REV-ERB α.
(A – B) After 5 days of SA and SR treatment with or without MPTP, we examined the motor function of mice using the rotarod test and the pole test. (C – D) The cellular ATP content and GDH activity were measured using a commercially available assay kit to examine mitochondrial function. (E – F) The protein expression of TH and REV-ERB α was measured by western blot after treatment with MPTP, SA and SR. The results are presented as the mean\(\pm\)S.E.M.*P < 0.05 compared to the control group, #p < 0.05 compared to the MPTP group, $p < 0.05 compared to the SA group.
Figure 6 . Effect of SA on mitochondrial fission in MPTP-treated mice through inhibition of REV-ERB α. (A – D) The protein expression of Drp1, phospho-Drp1 Ser616, and phospho-Drp1 Ser637 was measured by western blot after treatment with MPTP, SA and SR. The results are presented as the mean\(\pm\)S.E.M. *P< 0.05 compared to the control group,#p < 0.05 compared to the MPTP group, $p < 0.05 compared to the SA group.