NW (n = 38) OB (n = 35) p (NW vs OB)
Age (y) 31.3 ± 3.4a 31.4 ± 4.0 0.92
Nulliparous (%) 45% 51% 0.64
Male/female fetus (n) 20/18 20/15 0.44
Birth weight of child (kg) 3.78 ± 0.39 3.86 ± 0.50 0.46
Nausea during pregnancy (%) 53% 58% 0.79
Pregnancy
BMI (kg/m2), T1
22.3 ± 1.7
35.8 ± 4.2
< 0.001
Fat mass (kg), T1
16.7 ± 4.5
47.2 ± 11.1
< 0.001
Fat free mass (kg), T1
45.1 ± 4.4
54.0 ± 6.3
< 0.001
Glucose (mmol/l), T1
4.69 ± 0.39
4.88 ± 0.41
0.065
HOMA-IR, T1
1.15 ± 0.99
2.82 ± 1.33
< 0.001
HOMA-B (%), T1
92 ± 40
197 ± 99
< 0.001
Fat mass gain (kg), T1 to T3
4.0 ± 2.9
1.1 ± 4.0
0.001
Fat-free mass gain (kg), T1 to T3
6.7 ± 1.8
6.5 ± 2.8
0.68
Glucose change, (mmol/l), T1 to T3
-0.23 ± 0.43
-0.09 ± 0.37
0.19
HOMA-IR change, T1 to T3
0.43 ± 0.97
1.98 ± 1.52
< 0.001
HOMA-B change, (%), T1 to T3
93 ± 77
189 ± 203
0.01
After pregnancy
BMI (kg/m2), 6 months
22.1 ± 1.9
34.8 ± 4.8
< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2), 18 months
22.0 ± 1.9
33.1 ± 5.0
< 0.001
Fat mass (kg), 6 months
16.9 ± 5.0
46.9 ± 12.7
< 0.001
Fat mass (kg), 18 months
15.5 ± 5.4
43.2 ± 13.1
< 0.001
Fat-free mass (kg), 6 months
44.8 ± 3.7
52.4 ± 6.3
< 0.001
Fat-free mass (kg), 18 months
45.5 ± 4.5
48.4 ± 4.4
0.076
Glucose (mmol/l), 6 months
4.95 ± 0.29
5.22 ± 0.45
0.007
Glucose (mmol/l), 18 months
4.97 ± 0.30
5.19 ± 0.41
0.061
HOMA-IR, 6 months
0.96 ± 0.36
2.86 ± 1.73
< 0.001
HOMA-IR, 18 months
1.35 ± 0.56
2.79 ± 1.38
< 0.001
HOMA-B (%), 6 months
60 ± 22
147 ± 71
< 0.001
HOMA-B (%), 18 months
86 ± 44
141 ± 50
0.001