Age (y) |
31.3 ± 3.4a
|
31.4 ± 4.0 |
0.92 |
Nulliparous (%) |
45% |
51% |
0.64 |
Male/female fetus (n) |
20/18 |
20/15 |
0.44 |
Birth weight of child (kg) |
3.78 ± 0.39 |
3.86 ± 0.50 |
0.46 |
Nausea during pregnancy (%) |
53% |
58% |
0.79 |
Pregnancy |
|
|
|
BMI (kg/m2), T1
|
22.3 ± 1.7
|
35.8 ± 4.2
|
< 0.001
|
Fat mass (kg), T1
|
16.7 ± 4.5
|
47.2 ± 11.1
|
< 0.001
|
Fat free mass (kg), T1
|
45.1 ± 4.4
|
54.0 ± 6.3
|
< 0.001
|
Glucose (mmol/l), T1
|
4.69 ± 0.39
|
4.88 ± 0.41
|
0.065
|
HOMA-IR, T1
|
1.15 ± 0.99
|
2.82 ± 1.33
|
< 0.001
|
HOMA-B (%), T1
|
92 ± 40
|
197 ± 99
|
< 0.001
|
Fat mass gain (kg), T1 to T3
|
4.0 ± 2.9
|
1.1 ± 4.0
|
0.001
|
Fat-free mass gain (kg), T1 to T3
|
6.7 ± 1.8
|
6.5 ± 2.8
|
0.68
|
Glucose change, (mmol/l), T1 to T3
|
-0.23 ± 0.43
|
-0.09 ± 0.37
|
0.19
|
HOMA-IR change, T1 to T3
|
0.43 ± 0.97
|
1.98 ± 1.52
|
< 0.001
|
HOMA-B change, (%), T1 to T3
|
93 ± 77
|
189 ± 203
|
0.01
|
After pregnancy |
|
|
|
BMI (kg/m2), 6 months
|
22.1 ± 1.9
|
34.8 ± 4.8
|
< 0.001
|
BMI (kg/m2), 18 months
|
22.0 ± 1.9
|
33.1 ± 5.0
|
< 0.001
|
Fat mass (kg), 6 months
|
16.9 ± 5.0
|
46.9 ± 12.7
|
< 0.001
|
Fat mass (kg), 18 months
|
15.5 ± 5.4
|
43.2 ± 13.1
|
< 0.001
|
Fat-free mass (kg), 6 months
|
44.8 ± 3.7
|
52.4 ± 6.3
|
< 0.001
|
Fat-free mass (kg), 18 months
|
45.5 ± 4.5
|
48.4 ± 4.4
|
0.076
|
Glucose (mmol/l), 6 months
|
4.95 ± 0.29
|
5.22 ± 0.45
|
0.007
|
Glucose (mmol/l), 18 months
|
4.97 ± 0.30
|
5.19 ± 0.41
|
0.061
|
HOMA-IR, 6 months
|
0.96 ± 0.36
|
2.86 ± 1.73
|
< 0.001
|
HOMA-IR, 18 months
|
1.35 ± 0.56
|
2.79 ± 1.38
|
< 0.001
|
HOMA-B (%), 6 months
|
60 ± 22
|
147 ± 71
|
< 0.001
|
HOMA-B (%), 18 months
|
86 ± 44
|
141 ± 50
|
0.001
|