Characteristic |
1, N = 117 |
2, N = 116 |
3, N = 116 |
4, N = 116 |
p-value |
ADI (national percentile) |
13 (6) |
25 (5) |
39 (7) |
61 (12) |
<0.001 |
Clinical follow-up (years) |
5.14 (2.12) |
4.88 (2.03) |
5.13
(2.11) |
5.06 (2.26) |
0.4 |
Age (years) |
71 (8) |
69 (9) |
71 (9) |
68 (10) |
0.017 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
0.039 |
Female |
24 (21%) |
17 (15%) |
27 (23%) |
35 (30%) |
|
Male |
93 (79%) |
99 (85%) |
89 (77%) |
81 (70%) |
|
Race |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
Black |
1 (0.9%) |
5 (4.4%) |
7 (6.1%) |
25 (22%) |
|
Other |
21 (18%) |
14 (12%) |
19 (17%) |
24 (21%) |
|
White |
93 (81%) |
94 (83%) |
88 (77%) |
65 (57%) |
|
Smoking |
38 (32%) |
55 (47%) |
51 (44%) |
54 (47%) |
0.077 |
Hypertension |
78 (67%) |
85 (73%) |
84 (72%) |
91 (78%) |
0.3 |
Diabetes Mellitus |
18 (15%) |
22 (19%) |
22 (19%) |
33
(28%) |
0.081 |
Chronic Heart Failure |
13 (11%) |
11 (9.5%) |
15 (13%) |
16
(14%) |
0.7 |
Chronic Kidney Disease |
14 (12%) |
12 (10%) |
8 (6.9%) |
14
(12%) |
0.5 |
Connective Tissue Disease |
2 (1.7%) |
2 (1.7%) |
0 (0%) |
1
(0.9%) |
0.6 |
Myocardial Infarction |
6 (5.1%) |
11 (9.5%) |
9 (7.8%) |
6
(5.2%) |
0.5 |
Bicuspid Aortic Valve |
4 (3.4%) |
13 (11%) |
16 (14%) |
8
(6.9%) |
0.027 |
Aortic Valve Disorder |
17 (15%) |
13 (11%) |
14 (12%) |
10
(8.6%) |
0.6 |
Mitral Valve Disorder |
12 (10%) |
3 (2.6%) |
7 (6.0%) |
4
(3.4%) |
0.049 |
Liver Disease |
4 (3.4%) |
4 (3.4%) |
11 (9.5%) |
10 (8.6%) |
0.1 |
COPD |
15 (13%) |
15 (13%) |
19 (16%) |
31 (27%) |
0.015 |
Dyslipidemia |
59 (50%) |
63 (54%) |
52 (45%) |
52 (45%) |
0.4 |
Active Malignancy |
|
|
|
|
>0.9 |
Thoracic |
15 (13%) |
18 (16%) |
17 (15%) |
17 (15%) |
|
Extra-Thoracic |
35 (30%) |
30 (26%) |
28 (24%) |
31 (27%) |
|
Prior cardiac surgery |
20 (17%) |
13 (11%) |
17 (15%) |
14
(12%) |
0.6 |
FH of aneurysm |
5 (4.3%) |
7 (6.0%) |
2 (1.7%) |
2 (1.7%) |
0.2 |