Serum cytokine levels in acute FPIES, infectious enterocolitis, and anaphylaxis patients
We compared serum cytokine levels in patients with acute FPIES, infectious enterocolitis, and anaphylaxis. Both serum IL-2 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute FPIES than in patients from the other two groups (IL-2: FPIES vs. enterocolitis, p = 0.003; FPIES vs. anaphylaxis, p< 0.001. IL-10: FPIES vs. enterocolitis, p = 0.02; FPIES vs. anaphylaxis, p = 0.003; Figures 1A and 1B, Table 2 ). Serum IL-8 level was significantly higher in the acute FPIES group compared with that in the enterocolitis group, but not with that in the anaphylaxis group (acute FPIES vs. enterocolitis, p = 0.008; vs. anaphylaxis, p = 0.24). Serum IFN-γ level was found to be significantly increased in patients with acute FPIES compared with that in the anaphylaxis group (IFN-γ: FPIES vs. anaphylaxis, p = 0.04; Table 3 ). However, the IFN-γ elevation was not as prominent as those detected for IL-2 and IL-10. There were no significant differences in the serum levels of IL-4, -6, and TNF-α among three groups.