Entire cohort (n=140) N group (n=23) Y group (n=117)
p value
Age (years) 84.6±5.4 92.1±1.9 83.2±4.7 <0.0001
[range] [69-97] [90–97] [69–89]
Male 47 (33.5%) 5 (21.7%) 42 (35.8%) 0.18
Hypertension 126 (90.0%) 22 (95.6%) 104 (88.8%) 0.32
Dyslipidemia 77 (55%) 12 (52.1%) 65 (55.5%) 0.76
DM 38 (27.1%) 4 (17.3%) 34 (29.0%) 0.25
IHD 55 (39.2%) 4 (17.3%) 51 (43.5%) 0.13
CVD 36 (25.7%) 4 (17.3%) 32 (27.3%) 0.30
COPD 6 (4.2%) 0 6 (5.1%) 0.58
Smoking 9 (6.4%) 0 9 (7.6%) 0.35
Chronic AF 21 (15.0%) 4 (17.3%) 17 (14.5%) 0.72
PMI 11 (7.8%) 4 (17.3%) 7 (5.9%) 0.09
Malignancy 7 (5.0%) 1 (4.3%) 6 (5.1%) 0.98
Previous cardiac surgery 11 (7.8%) 1 (4.3%) 10 (8.5%) 0.49
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) 1.01±0.31 0.98±0.29 1.02±0.29 0.60
Serum albumin (g/dl) 3.66±0.40 3.74±0.38 3.64±0.40 0.27
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 10.80±1.68 10.34±1.53 10.89±1.70 0.15
Oral administration
 β-blocker 22 (15.7%) 5 (21.7%) 41 (35.0%) 0.26
Ca2+ blocker 67 (47.8%) 13 (56.5%) 54 (46.1%) 0.36
ACE-I 34 (24.2%) 5 (21.7%) 29 (24.7%) 0.75
ARB 57 (40.7%) 13 (56.5%) 44 (37.6%) 0.09
Statins 62 (44.2%) 10 (43.4%) 52 (44.4%) 0.93
Risk score
STS risk score 7.9±4.6 8.4±4.6 7.7±4.8 0.50
EuroSCORE II 5.1±4.7 5.4±3.3 5.0±4.9 0.72
JapanSCORE 7.2±6.2 5.1±4.7 7.6±6.8 0.09