Table 1 Differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of tophi and nontophi groups Table 1 Differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of tophi and nontophi groups Table 1 Differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of tophi and nontophi groups Table 1 Differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of tophi and nontophi groups
Demographic characteristics n (%) n (%)
tophi (n=29)
non-tophi(n=129)
P-value
Onset age (years) 46.97±14.90 46.39±16.66 0.86
Hospitalization frequency (per year) 1.59±0.87 1.23±0.79 0.03
Disease duration (years) 16.48±10.91 8.20±5.98 <0.0001
BMI(kg/m2) 24.05±3.56 25.52±3.70 0.053
Number of Joints involved 4.14±2.72 2.52±1.32 <0.0001
Serum uric acid(umol/l) 477.30±141.60 516.40±129.60 0.15
Gender 0.91
Female 1(3.45) 5(3.88)
Male 28(96.55) 124(96.12)
Marital status 0.56
Married 28(96.55) 121(93.80)
Other marital statuses 1(3.45) 8(6.20)
Employment 0.94
Employed 20(68.97) 88(68.22)
Unemployed 9(31.03) 41(31.78)
medical insurance 0.30
rural cooperative or urban medical insurance 27(3.45) 111(86.05)
self-funded 2(96.55) 18(13.95)
Diabetes 0.03
Yes 1(3.45) 5(3.88)
No 28(96.55) 124(96.12)
Hypertension 0.008
Yes 22(75.86) 63(48.84)
No 7(24.14) 66(51.16)
Atherosclerosis 0.027
Yes 7(24.14) 12(9.30)
No 22(75.86) 117(90.70)
Hyperlipidemia 0.61
Yes 10(34.48) 51(39.53)
No 19(65.52) 78(60.47)
Kidney dysfunction 0.028
Yes 16(55.17) 43(33.33)
No 13(44.83) 86(66.67)
Urinary tract stone 0.76
Yes 11(37.93) 45(34.88)
No 18(62.07) 84(65.12)
Family history 0.24
Yes 1(3.45) 13(10.08)
No 28(96.55) 116(89.92)
(Continued) (Continued) (Continued) (Continued)
Table 1 (Continued) Table 1 (Continued) Table 1 (Continued) Table 1 (Continued)
Demographic characteristics n (%) n (%)
tophi (n=29)
non-tophi(n=129)
P-value
Smoking 0.11
Yes 12(41.38) 34(26.36)
No 17(58.62) 95(73.64)
Drinking 0.42
Yes 11(37.93) 39(30.23)
No 18(62.07) 90(69.77)
Gout flares frequency(per year) 0.031
<2 1(3.45) 26(3.88)
≥2 28(96.55) 103(96.12)
Urate lowering therapy 0.26
Yes 4(13.79) 30(23.26)
No 25(86.21) 99(76.74)
Use of GC 0.46
Yes 12(41.38) 44(34.11)
No 17(58.62) 85(65.89)