Notes: (A) Optimal parameter (lambda) selection in the LASSO model used
fivefold cross-validation via minimum criteria. The partial likelihood
deviance (binomial deviance) curve was plotted versus log(lambda).
Dotted vertical lines were drawn at the optimal values by using the
minimum criteria and the 1 SE of the minimum criteria (the 1-SE
criteria).
(B) LASSO coefficient profiles of the 22 features. A coefficient profile
plot was produced against the log(lambda) sequence. Vertical line was
drawn at the value selected using fivefold cross-validation, where
optimal lambda resulted in five features with nonzero coefficients.
Abbreviations: LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator;
SE, standard error.
Figure 2 Developed tophi formation risk prediction nomogram