Inclusion and Exclusion
The search was refined by exclusion of any articles not written in English and any studies of paediatric patients. A timeframe of 2006-2020 was set to ensure that the reviewed evidence is relevant to current practice. After removal of duplicates and exclusion of papers that are not relevant because the participants were not adults and had not had cardiac surgery, this resulted in 12 papers (see appendix) for inclusion in the review.